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==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull. It is made up of 5 different bones, which vary in length and size depending on the species.

The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull. It is made up of 5 different bones, which vary in length and size depending on the species.

[[Image:Hyoid Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham]]

[[Image:Hyoid Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham]]

==Structure and Function==

==Structure and Function==

It is attached to the temporal region of the skull by a [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Cartilaginous Joints|synchondrosis joint]]. It is palpable through the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and is visible when the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] is viewed through the mouth. The basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space.

It is attached to the temporal region of the skull by a [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Cartilaginous Joints|synchondrosis joint]]. It is palpable through the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and is visible when the pharynx is viewed through the mouth. The basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space.

The '''sternohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid caudally and the '''geniohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid rostrally.

The '''sternohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid caudally and the '''geniohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid rostrally.

==The hyoid bones==

==The hyoid bones==

'''1. Basihyoid'''

'''1. Basihyoid''' - Unpaired bone.

Unpaired bone.

'''2. Stylohyoid''' -  Articulates with base of skull at the petrus temporal. A paired bone.  

'''2. Stylohyoid'''

'''3. Epihyoid''' - A paired bone.

Articulates with base of skull at the petrus temporal. A paired bone.  

'''4. Keratohyoid''' - A paired bone.

'''5. Thyrohyoid''' - Articulates with the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Cartilage|thyroid cartilage]] of the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]. A paired bone.

 

 

 

 

'''5. Thyrohyoid'''

 

Articulates with the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Cartilage|thyroid cartilage]] of the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]. A paired bone.

==Species Differences==

==Species Differences==

Lingual process is present.

Lingual process is present.

==Links==

 

|flashcards = [[Hyoid Apparatus - Musculoskeletal - Flashcards|Hyoid apparatus anatomy]]

Click here for the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Musculoskeletal - Flashcards|hyoid apparatus flashcards]].

|videos = [[Video: Ventral muscles of the head potcast|Ventral muscles of the head potcast]]<br>[[Video: Hyoid apparatus potcast|Hyoid apparatus potcast]]

[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]]

[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]]

[[Category:To Do - AimeeHicks]]

[[Category:A&P Done]]