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− | <big><center>[[Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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− | <big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
| + | ==Introduction== |
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| + | The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull. It is made up of 5 different bones, which vary in length and size depending on the species. |
| + | [[Image:Hyoid Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham]] |
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| + | ==Structure and Function== |
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| + | It is attached to the temporal region of the skull by a [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Cartilaginous Joints|synchondrosis joint]]. It is palpable through the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and is visible when the pharynx is viewed through the mouth. The basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space. |
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| + | The '''sternohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid caudally and the '''geniohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid rostrally. |
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− | <big><center>[[Anatomy and Physiology|'''BACK TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
| + | [[Image:Hyoid Bones.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hyoid Apparatus Drawing - Copyright nabrown]] |
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− | ==Introduction== | + | ==The hyoid bones== |
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− | Includes development and overview of the system
| + | '''1. Basihyoid''' - Unpaired bone. |
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− | ==Structure==
| + | '''2. Stylohyoid''' - Articulates with base of skull at the petrus temporal. A paired bone. |
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| + | '''3. Epihyoid''' - A paired bone. |
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− | ==Function==
| + | '''4. Keratohyoid''' - A paired bone. |
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| + | '''5. Thyrohyoid''' - Articulates with the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Cartilage|thyroid cartilage]] of the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]. A paired bone. |
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− | ==Vasculature== | + | ==Species Differences== |
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| + | [[Image:Canine Hyoid.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Canine hyoid apparatus - Copyright Nottingham]] |
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− | ==Innervation== | + | ===Carnivores=== |
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| + | Stylohyoid bones are not palpable. |
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− | ==Lymphatics== | + | ===Equine=== |
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| + | Epihyoid is small, the lingual process is present and they have a well developed stylohyoid muscle. |
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− | ==Histology== | + | ===Ruminants=== |
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| + | Lingual process is present. |
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− | ==Species Differences== | + | ===Porcine=== |
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| + | Lingual process is present. |
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| + | {{Template:Learning |
| + | |flashcards = [[Hyoid Apparatus - Musculoskeletal - Flashcards|Hyoid apparatus anatomy]] |
| + | |videos = [[Video: Ventral muscles of the head potcast|Ventral muscles of the head potcast]]<br>[[Video: Hyoid apparatus potcast|Hyoid apparatus potcast]] |
| + | }} |
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− | ==Links== | + | ==Webinars== |
| + | <rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/gastroenterology-and-nutrition/webinars/feed</rss> |
| + | [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]] |
| + | [[Category:A&P Done]] |