Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology

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Introduction

The hyoid apparatus holds the larynx in place and supports the pharynx and tongue from the skull.

It is made up of 5 different bones which vary in length and size depending on the species.

Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham

Structure and Function

  • Visible when the pharynx is viewed through the mouth
  • Basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space
  • Sternohyoid muscle pulls hyoid caudally
  • Geniohyoid muscle pulls hyoid rostrally
Hyoid Apparatus Drawing - Copyright nabrown

The hyoid bones

  • Basihyoid
    • Lingual process present in some species which protrudes into the roof of the tongue
    • Unpaired
  • Epihyoid
    • Paired
  • Keratohyoid
    • Paired
  • Thyrohyoid
    • Paired

Species Differences

Carnivores

  • Stylohyoid bones not palpable

Equine

  • Epihyoid small

Ruminants

  • Lingual process present

Porcine

  • Lingual process present