| Line 80: |
Line 80: |
| | | | |
| | The migration is then initiated in the spring and warbles then begin to form along the back of the host. | | The migration is then initiated in the spring and warbles then begin to form along the back of the host. |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | '''Pathogenesis'''
| |
| − | *Causes [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Arthropods|myositis]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | *Production losses
| |
| − | **Condemnation and down-grading of hides
| |
| − | **Reduced milk yield and reduced weight gain
| |
| − | **Injury from stock panic
| |
| − | **Trimmed meat losses from ''H. lineatum''
| |
| − | ***'Butcher's Jelly' around warbles which is green due to mass [[Eosinophils|eosinophil]] attraction
| |
| − |
| |
| − | *Paraplegia resulting from
| |
| − | **Toxin release
| |
| − | **Pressure on the spinal cord (''H. bovis'')
| |
| − | **Bloat from pressure on the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophageal wall]] (''H. lineatum'')
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | '''Control'''
| |
| − | *Total eradication should be aimed for
| |
| − |
| |
| − | *Old methods include popping out warbles
| |
| − | **But this could lead to anaphylactic shock
| |
| − |
| |
| − | *[[Ectoparasiticides]]
| |
| − | **Systemic organophosphorus [[Ectoparasiticides|insecticides]] in pour-on formula
| |
| − | **Avermectins and milbemycins in pour-on and injectible formulations
| |
| − |
| |
| − | *Timing is crucial for treatment
| |
| − | **Larvae residing in winter resting sites, if killed, can lead to bloat and paraplegia
| |
| − | **It is safe to treat in the '''autumn''' before larvae reach their winter resting sites and in the '''spring''' when the warbles have migrated to the midline of the back
| |
| − | **Ivermectin can be given at any time without risking host infection as larval antigen is released much slower
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | '''Legislation in the UK'''
| |
| − | *'Warble Fly Order 1978' requires all clinically affected animals to be treated
| |
| − |
| |
| − | *Notifiable disease
| |
| − |
| |
| − | *'Warble Fly Infected Area Order 1983'
| |
| − |
| |
| − | *For more information on the warble fly orders, see [http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/notifiable/brucellosis/surveillance.htm| here]
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | in cattle
| |
| − | **May occasionally burrow into muscle
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| | | | |
| | [[Category:Oestridae]] | | [[Category:Oestridae]] |
| | [[Category:To_Do_-_Max]] | | [[Category:To_Do_-_Max]] |