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[[Image:Canine Brain CS showing Hypothalamus1.jpg|thumb|right|450px|'''Canine Brain Cross Section''' ''Courtesy of BioMed Image Archive'']]

[[Image:Canine Brain CS showing Hypothalamus1.jpg|thumb|right|450px|'''Canine Brain Cross Section''' ''Courtesy of BioMed Image Archive'']]

== Hypothalamus ==

== Hypothalamus ==

The hypothalamus is a small area in the ventral diencephalon of the [[Forebrain - Anatomy & Physiology|forebrain]], in the floor of the third ventricle, and is a functional link between the [[Nervous and Special Senses - Anatomy & Physiology#Nervous System|nervous]] and [[Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology|endocrine]] systems.

The hypothalamus is a small area in the ventral diencephalon of the [[Forebrain - Anatomy & Physiology|forebrain]], in the floor of the third ventricle, and is a functional link between the [[Nervous and Special Senses - Anatomy & Physiology#Nervous System|nervous]] and [[Endocrine System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|endocrine]] systems.

The hypothalamus controls most of the [[Endocrine Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|endocrine glands]] within the body, largely through stimulation of the [[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pituitary Gland]] by secretion of [[Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology#Classifications of Hormones|neurohormones]]. It is a vital regulator of homeostasis, including [[Thermoregulation - Anatomy & Physiology| Thermoregulation]].

The hypothalamus controls most of the [[Endocrine System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|endocrine glands]] within the body, largely through stimulation of the [[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pituitary Gland]] by secretion of [[Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology#Classifications of Hormones|neurohormones]]. It is a vital regulator of homeostasis, including [[Thermoregulation - Anatomy & Physiology| Thermoregulation]].

==Nuclei==

==Nuclei==

'''''Indirect Neural Inputs''''':

'''''Indirect Neural Inputs''''':

*Uses Visceral and [[Somatic Nervous System - Anatomy & Physiology|Somatic Sensory]] neurons, the Limbic System and the Reticular Activating System.

*Uses Visceral and somatic sensory neurons, the Limbic System and the Reticular Activating System.

==Outputs==

==Outputs==

#'''''Biological Clock''''' - Light sensed by [[Eye - Anatomy & Physiology|retina]] causes stimulation of neurons leading the the suprachiasmatic nucleus which stimulates the [[Pineal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pineal Gland]] as a result.

#'''''Biological Clock''''' - Light sensed by [[Eye - Anatomy & Physiology|retina]] causes stimulation of neurons leading the the suprachiasmatic nucleus which stimulates the [[Pineal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pineal Gland]] as a result.

#'''''Secretory''''' Neurons - ADH and Oxytocin are released by the Supraoptic and Paraventricular nuclei cell bodies. The axons descend into the [[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Posterior Pituitary Gland|Posterior Pituitary gland]], where they terminate in blood vessels releasing the [[Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology|hormone]] directly into circulation. Thus the posterior pituitary acts as a storage site and is not a true [[Endocrine Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|endocrine gland]].

#'''''Secretory''''' Neurons - ADH and Oxytocin are released by the Supraoptic and Paraventricular nuclei cell bodies. The axons descend into the [[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Posterior Pituitary Gland|Posterior Pituitary gland]], where they terminate in blood vessels releasing the [[Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology|hormone]] directly into circulation. Thus the posterior pituitary acts as a storage site and is not a true [[Endocrine System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|endocrine gland]].

#'''''Hypothalamic Hormones''''' - the hypothalamus releases [[Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] which have an activating or inhibitory effect on their target organ, hence they are named Releasing or Inhibitory Hormones respectively.  

#'''''Hypothalamic Hormones''''' - the hypothalamus releases [[Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] which have an activating or inhibitory effect on their target organ, hence they are named Releasing or Inhibitory Hormones respectively.  

'''Releasing Hormones''':

'''Releasing Hormones''':

==Negative Feedback==

==Negative Feedback==

The Hypothalamus works along with the Pituitary and it's target glands by [[Negative Feedback - Anatomy & Physiology|negative feedback.]]  

[[Image:HypothalamicPituitaryAxis.jpg|right|thumb|205px|<small><center>'''Schematic Diagram of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis</center></small>]]

 

<big>'''[[Hypothalamus Differences in the Male and Female - Anatomy & Physiology|Hypothalamus Differences in the Male and Female]]'''</big>

 

|flashcards = [[Hypothalamus_Flash_Cards_- Anatomy & Physiology|Hypothalamus Flashcards]]

|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2008/20083156739.pdf ''' Role of catecholamines in regulation of hypothalamo pituitary ovarian axis: a review.''' Phogat, J. B.; Umed Singh; Inderjeet Singh; College of Veterinary Sciences, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India, Haryana Veterinarian, 2007, 46, pp 1-7, many ref.]

 

[[Category:Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology]]