Changes

Norway, Canada, Scotland, Eastern USA, Chile and Ireland.

Norway, Canada, Scotland, Eastern USA, Chile and Ireland.

The virus '''replicates within the sea trout''', forming a marine reservoir for the virus, and their migration allows distant distribution of the disease.

ISAV '''replicates in Atlantic salmon''', forming a marine reservoir for the virus, and their migration allows distant distribution of the disease. The virus also replicates in other fish species (e.g. rainbow trout, Atlantic cod, chum, coho and Chinook salmon, Arctic Char) but no disease has been observed under aquaculture conditions. However, these species may serve as reservoir hosts for the virus.

Transmission is mainly '''via the water, virus being shed into it in mucus, faeces, urine and also via the skin'''.<ref name="TD"> Thorud, K., Djupvik, H. O (1988) '''Infectious anaemia in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)'''. ''Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists'', 8(5):109-111</ref> It then enters vulnerable fish via the '''gills or broken skin'''. ISA also has a crustacean vector for transmission.  

Transmission is mainly '''via the water, virus being shed into it in mucus, faeces, urine and also via the skin'''.<ref name="TD"> Thorud, K., Djupvik, H. O (1988) '''Infectious anaemia in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)'''. ''Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists'', 8(5):109-111</ref> It then enters vulnerable fish via the '''gills or broken skin'''. ISA also has a crustacean vector for transmission.  

==Signalment==  

==Signalment==  

A range of salmonid fish can be affected including rainbow trout, sea trout, Atlantic cod, chum, coho, Chinook and atlantic salmon and arctic charr. Both wild and farmed fish are susceptible.

A range of salmonid fish can be affected including rainbow trout, sea trout, Atlantic cod, chum, coho, Chinook and Atlantic salmon and Arctic Char. Both wild and farmed fish are susceptible.

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

Disease results in '''severe anaemia and multi-organ haemorrhage'''. This may be seen as '''pallor, abdominal distension, scale oedema or fluid accumulation''' in the abdomen and musculature. The '''gills '''are often '''pale''' first and most markedly. Fish may develop a “pop-eye” appearance '''(exopthalmos)''', be lethargic and '''sink''' to the bottom of their habitat.

Diseased fish are usually in normal nutritional condition but may swim sluggishly near the water surface or "hang" listlessly at the wall of the netpen and eventually sink to the bottom.

 

ISA infections eventually cause '''severe anaemia and multi-organ haemorrhage'''. This may be seen as '''pallor, abdominal distension, scale oedema or fluid accumulation''' in the abdomen and musculature. The '''gills '''are often '''pale''' first and most markedly. Fish may develop a “pop-eye” appearance '''(exopthalmos)'''.

'''Haematocrit values below 10''' are seen in advanced disease, commonly being found <25 and thus leading to multi-organ dysfunction.

'''Haematocrit values below 10''' are seen in advanced disease, commonly being found <25 and thus leading to multi-organ dysfunction.

==References==

==References==

<references/>

<references/>

{{CABI source

{{CABI source

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=79288&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160  infectious salmon anaemia] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=59942&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 infectious salmon anaemia virus]

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=79288&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160  infectious salmon anaemia] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=59942&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 infectious salmon anaemia virus]

|date =7 July 2011

|date =7 July 2011

}}

}}

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[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]

[[Category:Orthomyxoviridae]]

[[Category:Orthomyxoviridae]]

[[Category:Fish Diseases]]

[[Category:Fish Diseases]]