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→Innate Immunity to Viruses
=Innate Immunity to Viruses=
=Innate Immunity to Viruses=
[[Image:Innate viral response.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Innate response to dsRNA - B. Catchpole, RVC 2008]]
[[Image:Innate viral response.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Innate response to dsRNA - B. Catchpole, RVC 2008]]
Because viruses invade host cells to take over a host's cellular machinery, the innate system has a more difficult time detecting viruses as foreign agents. However, there is a give-away element of the viral attack that the innate system can recognize: the '''double-stranded RNA''' (dsRNA) produced by a virus in its replication phase. Because mammalian cells only ever produce single-stranded RNA, the presence of dsRNA signals a forein intruder. dsRNA can be detected by TLR-3R on the cell surface or intracellularly by the presence of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase.
Because viruses invade host cells to take over a host's cellular machinery, the innate system has a more difficult time detecting viruses as foreign agents. However, there is a give-away element of the viral attack that the innate system can recognize: the '''double-stranded RNA''' (dsRNA) produced by a virus in its replication phase. Because mammalian cells only ever produce single-stranded RNA, the presence of dsRNA signals a foreign intruder. dsRNA can be detected by TLR-3R on the cell surface or intracellularly by the presence of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase.
The innate resonse to viral attack also depends on the presence of '''Type-1 Interferons''', which are produced by all cells on recognition of a viral attack. Interferons serve to increase degradation of mRNA, inhibit protein synthesis, and increase the effectiveness of the adaptive response by increasing antigen presentation to antibody.
The innate response to viral attack also depends on the presence of '''Type-1 Interferons''', which are produced by all cells on recognition of a viral attack. Interferons serve to increase degradation of mRNA, inhibit protein synthesis, and increase the effectiveness of the adaptive response by increasing antigen presentation to antibody.