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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| ===Clinical Signs=== | | ===Clinical Signs=== |
| + | The clinical presentation depends on cause, severity, and site of obstruction. Upper small intestinal obstruction causes a net fluid secretion whereas lower small intestinal obstruction causes a net fluid resoption. Antibiotic responsive diarrhoea is more likely in distal small intestinal obstruction. |
| + | |
| ====Simple obstruction==== | | ====Simple obstruction==== |
− | *Vomiting; the further the obstruction is towards the mouth, the more frequent the vomiting is | + | *Vomiting; the further the obstruction is towards the mouth, the more frequent and the more volume the vomiting is |
| *Moribund or in septic shock; if part of the intestine becomes devitalised, resulting in septic peritonitis | | *Moribund or in septic shock; if part of the intestine becomes devitalised, resulting in septic peritonitis |
| *Abdominal foreign body, mass or obstructive ileus may be palpable | | *Abdominal foreign body, mass or obstructive ileus may be palpable |
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| *nausea | | *nausea |
| *retching | | *retching |
− | *vomiting | + | *vomiting ± bloody diarrhoea |
− | *abdominal pain | + | *acute abdomen |
| + | *abdominal fluid accumulation |
| *depression | | *depression |
− | *± bloody diarrhoea
| + | |
| | | |
| ===Linear foreign body=== | | ===Linear foreign body=== |
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| | | |
| ===Laboratory Tests=== | | ===Laboratory Tests=== |
| + | *Mild dehydration to septic shock |
| ====Haematology==== | | ====Haematology==== |
| | | |
| | | |
| ====Biochemistry==== | | ====Biochemistry==== |
− | | + | *Hypochloraemia and hypokalaemia acid-base derangement is common in animals with upeer small intestinal obstruction. |
| | | |
| ====Other Tests==== | | ====Other Tests==== |
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| ===Diagnostic Imaging=== | | ===Diagnostic Imaging=== |
| ====Radiography==== | | ====Radiography==== |
− | *Plain abdominal radiography may be all that is needed to reveal the cause of the obstruction. | + | *Plain abdominal radiography may be all that is needed to reveal the cause of the obstruction. Gas and fluid accumulation may be visible due to intestinal dilation. |
| *Contrast radiography may be needed if ileus and obstruction cannot easily be distinguished. | | *Contrast radiography may be needed if ileus and obstruction cannot easily be distinguished. |
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