Changes

Reports of iron deficiency in dogs and cats are consistent with its involvement in haemoglobin function. The symptoms of iron deficiency are very similar for the two species. Although naturally-occurring dietary iron deficiency is rare, nursing puppies and kittens may have an inadequate intake due to the low iron concentration in milk<ref name="Naigamwalla"/>.

Reports of iron deficiency in dogs and cats are consistent with its involvement in haemoglobin function. The symptoms of iron deficiency are very similar for the two species. Although naturally-occurring dietary iron deficiency is rare, nursing puppies and kittens may have an inadequate intake due to the low iron concentration in milk<ref name="Naigamwalla"/>.

====Recognised Syndromes Related to Iron Deficiency====

====Recognised Syndromes Related to Iron Deficiency====

#'''Haematological changes:''' Weanling puppies and kittens showed suboptimal blood haemoglobin concentration and low [[Packed Cell Volume|haematocrit]] values when fed diets containing less than 80 mg/kg iron on a dry matter (DM) basis<ref>Chausow, D, Czarnecki-Maulden, G. (1987). “Estimation of dietary iron requirement for the weanling puppy and kitten”. J. Nutr. 117:928-932.</ref>. Other haematological changes reported in dogs include [[Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Anaemias|anaemia]] and low saturation of plasma transferrin – a beta-globulin acting as a carrier of iron<ref name="Harvey">Harvey, J (1998). “Iron deficiency anaemia in dogs and cats”.Proc. N. Am. Vet. Conf. Florida 12:336-338.</ref>.  

#'''Haematological changes:''' Weanling puppies and kittens showed suboptimal blood haemoglobin concentration and low [[Packed Cell Volume|haematocrit]] values when fed diets containing less than 80 mg/kg iron on a [[Nutrition Glossary#Dry Matter Basis|dry matter (DM) basis]]<ref>Chausow, D, Czarnecki-Maulden, G. (1987). “Estimation of dietary iron requirement for the weanling puppy and kitten”. J. Nutr. 117:928-932.</ref>. Other haematological changes reported in dogs include [[Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Anaemias|anaemia]] and low saturation of plasma transferrin – a beta-globulin acting as a carrier of iron<ref name="Harvey">Harvey, J (1998). “Iron deficiency anaemia in dogs and cats”.Proc. N. Am. Vet. Conf. Florida 12:336-338.</ref>.  

#'''Other clinical signs:''' The same researcher<ref name="Harvey"/> also reported clinical signs of iron deficiency in dogs and cats that included poor growth, pale mucous membranes, lethargy and [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]]. Haematochezia and melaena were also observed – both are signs of blood loss from the intestine, usually seen as blood in the faeces.

#'''Other clinical signs:''' The same researcher<ref name="Harvey"/> also reported clinical signs of iron deficiency in dogs and cats that included poor growth, pale mucous membranes, lethargy and [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]]. Haematochezia and melaena were also observed – both are signs of blood loss from the intestine, usually seen as blood in the faeces.

==Dietary Sources==

==Dietary Sources==

'''Animal products are rich sources of iron''', and typically manufactured dog and cat foods include materials containing organic iron in the form of haem, such as meat meals, meat and bone meals, fish meals and blood meals. Nevertheless some mineral supplements such as ground limestone and calcium phosphate can contain high amounts of iron. Supplemental sources of iron commonly added to dog and cat foods include salts such as ferrous sulphate or fumarate. Iron can exist in two oxidation states, ferrous (Fe²⁺) and ferric (Fe³⁺), and the ferrous salts in general (especially the sulphate) have higher bio-availability. In contrast, ferric oxide has a very low bio-availability and is unsuitable as a dietary source. These differences in bio-availability are reflected in their [[Iron - Nutrition#Toxicity|degree of toxicity]].

'''Animal products are rich sources of iron''', and typically manufactured dog and cat foods include materials containing organic iron in the form of haem, such as meat meals, meat and bone meals, fish meals and blood meals. Nevertheless, some mineral supplements such as ground limestone and calcium phosphate can contain high amounts of iron. Supplemental sources of iron commonly added to dog and cat foods include salts such as ferrous sulphate or fumarate. Iron can exist in two oxidation states, ferrous (Fe²⁺) and ferric (Fe³⁺), and the ferrous salts in general (especially the sulphate) have higher bio-availability. In contrast, ferric oxide has a very low bio-availability and is unsuitable as a dietary source. These differences in bio-availability are reflected in their [[Iron - Nutrition#Toxicity|degree of toxicity]].

==References==

==References==

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[[Category:Minerals in Nutrition]]

[[Category:Minerals in Nutrition]]