Changes

{{Taxobox

{{Taxobox

|name              =Ixodes

|name              =Ixodes

==UK species==

==UK species==

===''I. ricinus''===

===''I. ricinus''===

This hard tick is found throughout Europe and north Africa living in woodland, forests and bushes. Its [[Tick Life Cycle|life cycle]] can last between 1 and 6 years but normally takes 2 or 3 and involves three hosts. When feeding the female can grow up to 200 times her original size, feeding also causes paralysis in the host. The adults will target medium to large mammals such as sheep, cattle, dogs, deer, horses and humans whilst the larval and nymphal stages will attack smaller mammals, birds and reptiles. Once the adult female has fed once for a number of hours and mated on the host she will drop to the floor and lay her eggs in matted vegetation before dieing. ''I.ricinus'' is known to transmit Lyme disease (''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'') to cattle, horse and humans as well as Q fever (''[[Coxiella burnetti]]''). There a number of other infectious agents transmitted by ''Ixodes'' species including ''[[Babesia]] divergens'', ''B.bovis'', '' B.ovis'', ''Rickettsia conorii'', ''[[Anaplasmas|Anaplasma marginale]]'', ''[[Ehrlichia phagocytophila]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''.

This hard tick is found throughout Europe and north Africa living in woodland, forests and bushes. Its [[Tick Life Cycle|life cycle]] can last between 1 and 6 years but normally takes 2 or 3 and involves three hosts. When feeding the female can grow up to 200 times her original size, feeding also causes paralysis in the host. The adults will target medium to large mammals such as sheep, cattle, dogs, deer, horses and humans whilst the larval and nymphal stages will attack smaller mammals, birds and reptiles. Once the adult female has fed once for a number of hours and mated on the host she will drop to the floor and lay her eggs in matted vegetation before dieing. ''I.ricinus'' is known to transmit Lyme disease (''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'') to cattle, horse and humans as well as Q fever (''[[Q Fever|Coxiella burnetti]]''). There a number of other infectious agents transmitted by ''Ixodes'' species including ''[[Babesia]] divergens'', ''B.bovis'', '' B.ovis'', ''Rickettsia conorii'', ''[[Anaplasmas|Anaplasma marginale]]'', ''[[Ehrlichia phagocytophila]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''.

===''I. canisuga''===

===''I. canisuga''===

Also known as: '''''Paralysis tick

Also known as: '''''Paralysis tick

Found  in Australia and infects all mammals and birds but is of importance in  catlle, sheep, goats, dogs and cats. It is a three host tick and has a  standard ''Ixodes'' life cycle (as described above). These ticks are  the  primary cause of tick paralysis in Australia, reportedly  responsible  for upwards of 20000 cases of paralysis in domestic animals  annualy.  Even in infection with a small number of ticks, or the  developmental  stages, they can cause death in animals particularly in  young calves. On  top of the paralytic ability of these ticks they are  vectors for  ''Rickettsia australis'', Queensland tick typhus, and ''[[Q  fever|Coxiella burnetti]]'', Q fever.

Found  in Australia and infects all mammals and birds but is of importance in  catlle, sheep, goats, dogs and cats. It is a three host tick and has a  standard ''Ixodes'' life cycle (as described above). These ticks are  the  primary cause of tick paralysis in Australia, reportedly  responsible  for upwards of 20000 cases of paralysis in domestic animals  annualy.  Even in infection with a small number of ticks, or the  developmental  stages, they can cause death in animals particularly in  young calves. On  top of the paralytic ability of these ticks they are  vectors for  ''Rickettsia australis'', Queensland tick typhus, and ''Coxiella burnetti'', Q fever.

|flashcards = [[Ticks_Flashcards|Ticks Flashcards]]

|flashcards = [[Ticks_Flashcards|Ticks Flashcards]]

|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Ixodes&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=67&y=12 ''Ixodes'' spp. publications]

|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Ixodes&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=67&y=12 ''Ixodes'' spp. publications]

}}

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{{review}}

{{review}}

[[Category:Hard Ticks - UK]][[Category:Hard Ticks - Overseas]][[Category:Expert_Review]]

[[Category:Hard Ticks - UK]][[Category:Hard Ticks - Overseas]][[Category:Expert_Review]]