Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
53,803
edits
Changes
Large Animal Nutrition Flashcards (view source)
Revision as of 17:07, 15 July 2011
, 17:07, 15 July 2011no edit summary
|q1= Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source?
|q1= Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source?
|a1= This type of feed is classified as i) forage.
|a1= This type of feed is classified as i) forage.
|l1=Forages#Grass
|l1=Forage#Grass
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
|a2=
|a2=
|Grass (mature)||25 - 50 ||9.5 - 10.5 ||50 - 130
|Grass (mature)||25 - 50 ||9.5 - 10.5 ||50 - 130
|}
|}
|l2= Forages#Grass
|l2= Forage#Grass
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
|a3= Typically based on ryegrass, but often mixed swards with cocksfoot, fescues, timothy, and legumes (e.g. clover). It is present in rough/hill grazing (often with heather, rushes, mosses), permanent pasture and rotational leys, the latter often high yielding italian or perennial ryegrass monocultures.
|a3= Typically based on ryegrass, but often mixed swards with cocksfoot, fescues, timothy, and legumes (e.g. clover). It is present in rough/hill grazing (often with heather, rushes, mosses), permanent pasture and rotational leys, the latter often high yielding italian or perennial ryegrass monocultures.
|l3= Forages#Grass
|l3= Forage#Grass
|q4= What concerns are associated with this feed?
|q4= What concerns are associated with this feed?
|a4= Scours, hypomagnesaemic tetany (especially in winter, or in rapidly growing grass (e.g. spring,/early summer, late summer/autumn), bloat (especially as mixed legume swards), pasture-induced laminitis.
|a4= Scours, hypomagnesaemic tetany (especially in winter, or in rapidly growing grass (e.g. spring,/early summer, late summer/autumn), bloat (especially as mixed legume swards), pasture-induced laminitis.
|q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?
|q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?
|a1= These types of feed are classified as i) forages.
|a1= These types of feed are classified as i) forages.
|l1=Forages#Silage and Haylage
|l1=Forage#Silage and Haylage
|q2=What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of silage and haylage?
|q2=What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of silage and haylage?
|a2=
|a2=
|Haylage || 50-60 || 9 - 11.5 || 75 - 110 || 4.5 - 5.5
|Haylage || 50-60 || 9 - 11.5 || 75 - 110 || 4.5 - 5.5
|}
|}
|l2= Forages#Silage and Haylage
|l2= Forage#Silage and Haylage
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
|a3= Silage is a fermented crop with a low dry matter content. It is cut at a relatively early stage of development and stored under anaerobic conditions. Haylage is similar to silage but is often cut at a more mature stage. It typically has a higher pH and DM than silage and can often be of more variable quality. With horses haylage is typically preferred (by owners) to silage.
|a3= Silage is a fermented crop with a low dry matter content. It is cut at a relatively early stage of development and stored under anaerobic conditions. Haylage is similar to silage but is often cut at a more mature stage. It typically has a higher pH and DM than silage and can often be of more variable quality. With horses haylage is typically preferred (by owners) to silage.
|l3= Forages#Silage and Haylage
|l3= Forage#Silage and Haylage
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
|a4= Clostridia. Listeriosis. Acidosis. Moulds/mycotoxins. Poor fermentation (pH > 4.8) or too acidic (pH < 3.8).
|a4= Clostridia. Listeriosis. Acidosis. Moulds/mycotoxins. Poor fermentation (pH > 4.8) or too acidic (pH < 3.8).
|l4= Forages#Silage and Haylage
|l4= Forage#Silage and Haylage
</FlashCard>
</FlashCard>
|q1= Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source?
|q1= Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source?
|a1= This type of feed is classified as i) forage.
|a1= This type of feed is classified as i) forage.
|l1=Forages#Hay
|l1=Forage#Hay
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
|Hay || 80 - 90 || 7.5 - 10.5 ||50 - 150
|Hay || 80 - 90 || 7.5 - 10.5 ||50 - 150
|}
|}
|l2= Forages#Hay
|l2= Forage#Hay
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
|a3= Hay is dried grass, either naturally or artificially (dependent on the weather). It is cut at a relatively late stage of maturity and is typically of variable quality in colour and smell, and nutritive value. There are various types of hay such as ryegrass, meadow, and timothy.
|a3= Hay is dried grass, either naturally or artificially (dependent on the weather). It is cut at a relatively late stage of maturity and is typically of variable quality in colour and smell, and nutritive value. There are various types of hay such as ryegrass, meadow, and timothy.
|l3= Forages#Hay
|l3= Forage#Hay
|q4= What concern is associated with this feed?
|q4= What concern is associated with this feed?
|a4= Mould/mycotoxins.
|a4= Mould/mycotoxins.
|l4= Forages#Hay
|l4= Forage#Hay
</FlashCard>
</FlashCard>
|q1= Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source?
|q1= Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source?
|a1= This type of feed is classified as i) forage.
|a1= This type of feed is classified as i) forage.
|l1=Forages#Straw
|l1=Forage#Straw
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
|a2=
|a2=
|Straw (ammoniated)|| 84 - 88 || 7.4 - 7.8 || 68 - 75
|Straw (ammoniated)|| 84 - 88 || 7.4 - 7.8 || 68 - 75
|}
|}
|l2= Forages#Straw
|l2= Forage#Straw
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
|a3= Straw (usually barley or oat for feed) can be treated with alkali, urea or ammonia. It is commonly used as a roughage source for growing ruminants, and especially animals being reared in cereal beef systems.
|a3= Straw (usually barley or oat for feed) can be treated with alkali, urea or ammonia. It is commonly used as a roughage source for growing ruminants, and especially animals being reared in cereal beef systems.
|l3= Forages#Straw
|l3= Forage#Straw
|q4= What concerns are associated with this feed?
|q4= What concerns are associated with this feed?
|a4= Moulds/mycotoxin. Impaction within GI tract (especially horses). High intakes of straw (+ grains) are associated with hypomagnesaemic tetany (due to high K levels in grain and straw)
|a4= Moulds/mycotoxin. Impaction within GI tract (especially horses). High intakes of straw (+ grains) are associated with hypomagnesaemic tetany (due to high K levels in grain and straw)
|l4= Forages#Straw
|l4= Forage#Straw
</FlashCard>
</FlashCard>
|q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?
|q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?
|a1= These feeds are classified as i) forages.
|a1= These feeds are classified as i) forages.
|l1=Forages# Whole-crop cereal silages
|l1=Forage# Whole-crop cereal silages
|q2= What are the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) ranges of these feeds?
|q2= What are the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) ranges of these feeds?
|a2=
|a2=
|Barley whole-crop silage || 30 - 40 ||9 - 11 ||80 - 110
|Barley whole-crop silage || 30 - 40 ||9 - 11 ||80 - 110
|}
|}
|l2= Forages# Whole-crop Cereal Silage
|l2= Forage# Whole-crop Cereal Silage
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
|a3= Maize whole-crop silage has high energy concentration while having a low protein concentration. It is harvested when grain is in the late dough stage. Barley, oats, wheat, and triticale are also used for whole-crop cereal silage either as monocultures or mixed with legumes (e.g. peas) to improve protein content. They are also high in energy while low in protein. Whole-crop cereal silages are fed as sole forage or mixed with grass silage.
|a3= Maize whole-crop silage has high energy concentration while having a low protein concentration. It is harvested when grain is in the late dough stage. Barley, oats, wheat, and triticale are also used for whole-crop cereal silage either as monocultures or mixed with legumes (e.g. peas) to improve protein content. They are also high in energy while low in protein. Whole-crop cereal silages are fed as sole forage or mixed with grass silage.
|l3= Forages# Whole-crop Cereal Silage
|l3= Forage# Whole-crop Cereal Silage
|q4= What concerns are associated with this feed?
|q4= What concerns are associated with this feed?
|a4= Clostridia. Listeriosis. Acidosis. Poor fermentation (pH > 4.8) or too acidic (pH < 3.8).
|a4= Clostridia. Listeriosis. Acidosis. Poor fermentation (pH > 4.8) or too acidic (pH < 3.8).
|l4= Forages# Whole-crop Cereal Silage
|l4= Forage# Whole-crop Cereal Silage
</FlashCard>
</FlashCard>
|q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?
|q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?
|a1= These feeds are classified as forages and more specifically legumes.
|a1= These feeds are classified as forages and more specifically legumes.
|l1=Forages#Clovers and Lucerne
|l1=Forage#Clovers and Lucerne
|q2=. What are the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) ranges of these feeds?
|q2=. What are the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) ranges of these feeds?
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
|Lucerne Hay || 84 - 88 || 8 - 10.5 || 200 - 225
|Lucerne Hay || 84 - 88 || 8 - 10.5 || 200 - 225
|}
|}
|l2= Forages#Clovers and Lucerne
|l2= Forage#Clovers and Lucerne
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
|a3= Clovers are either white or red varieties. Clovers and Lucerne (aka Alfalfa) have a higher protein concentration and a higher mineral concentration (e.g. calcium) than grasses. Lucerne can be grazed or conserved as a monoculture. Lucernes also have a higher protein concentration than grasses. Legume silages tend to be more difficult to achieve a good fermentation, inoculants are usually required.
|a3= Clovers are either white or red varieties. Clovers and Lucerne (aka Alfalfa) have a higher protein concentration and a higher mineral concentration (e.g. calcium) than grasses. Lucerne can be grazed or conserved as a monoculture. Lucernes also have a higher protein concentration than grasses. Legume silages tend to be more difficult to achieve a good fermentation, inoculants are usually required.
|l3= Forages#Clover and Lucerne
|l3= Forage#Clover and Lucerne
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
|a4= Bloat (frothy). Red clovers and some Lucerne varieties may also contain significant levels of phytoestrogens that cause subfertility.
|a4= Bloat (frothy). Red clovers and some Lucerne varieties may also contain significant levels of phytoestrogens that cause subfertility.
|l4= Forages#Clovers and Lucerne
|l4= Forage#Clovers and Lucerne
</FlashCard>
</FlashCard>
|q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?
|q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?
|a1= These types of feed are classified as i) forages, and more specifically forage brassicas.
|a1= These types of feed are classified as i) forages, and more specifically forage brassicas.
|l1=Forages#Kale and Rape
|l1=Forage#Kale and Rape
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
|Rape || 14 || 9.5 || 200
|Rape || 14 || 9.5 || 200
|}
|}
|l2= Forages#Kale and Rape
|l2= Forage#Kale and Rape
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
|a3= Kale and rape are considered good, digestible fodder. They have a higher protein concentration, carbohydrate concentration and calcium concentration than grasses. Rape has a higher protein concentration than kale.
|a3= Kale and rape are considered good, digestible fodder. They have a higher protein concentration, carbohydrate concentration and calcium concentration than grasses. Rape has a higher protein concentration than kale.
|l3= Forages#Kale and Rape
|l3= Forage#Kale and Rape
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
|a4= Goitrogenic. Haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria. Feed to pregnant ewes with caution (can observe malformed, dead lambs at parturition).
|a4= Goitrogenic. Haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria. Feed to pregnant ewes with caution (can observe malformed, dead lambs at parturition).
|l4= Forages#Kale and Rape
|l4= Forage#Kale and Rape
</FlashCard>
</FlashCard>