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→Trypanosoma
'''Epidemiology'''
'''Epidemiology'''
*Vector distribution
**[[Biting Flies#Glossinidae|Tsetse flies]] found in riverine, savannah and forest habitats
**Up to 20% [[Biting Flies|flies]] infected
**[[Biting Flies|Flies]] infected for life
*Parasite virulence
**Some parasitaemic animals survive for long periods of time
***E.g. ''T. brucei'' and ''T. congolense''
***Increases the opportunity for infection of [[Biting Flies|flies]]
**Some trypanosomes kill their host in 1-2 weeks
***E.g. ''T. vivax''
***Decreases the chances of [[Biting Flies|fly]] infection
**Trypanosomes avoid host immune defences by altering glycoprotein coat (surface antigen) before host [[Immunoglobulin - WikiBlood|antibodt]] response
***'''Antigenic variation''' can occur many times over several months causes relapsing parasitaemia
*Host response
**Trypanotolerant wild animals remain parasitaemic for prolpnged periods without showing clincial signs of disease
***Cause lasting reservoirs of infection
**Most domestic livestock are susceptible to trypanosomosis
**Some local breeds of sheep, goats and cattle are trypanotolerant
***E.g. ''Bos indicus''
'''Diagnosis'''
'''Diagnosis'''