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==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Lumbosacral CSF can be collected under local anaesthesia and if the animal is infected will show an increased protein count and mild pleocytosis with large mononuclear cells.
Lumbosacral CSF can be collected under local anaesthesia and if the animal is infected will show an increased protein count and mild pleocytosis with large mononuclear cells.
Isolation of L. monocytogenes provides a definitive diagnosis of listeriosis. The prefferd samples are brain, aborted foetus or placenta.
Isolation of ''L. monocytogenes'' provides a definitive diagnosis of listeriosis. The preferred samples for culture are brain, aborted foetus or placenta.
Immunofluorescence can also be used to identify L.monocytogenes on smears taken from dead or aborted animals.
Serology is not used as many healthy animals have high ''Listeria'' titres.
Serology is not used as many healthy animals have high ''Listeria'' titres.
==History and Clinical Signs==
==History and Clinical Signs==
In ruminants listeriosis is seen as meningoencephalitis, in monogastric animals and young ruminants it causes a septicaemia. If animals are infected whilst pregnant this can cause abortion. Following abortion the animal normally recovers.
Listeriosis can also manifest as conjunctivitis, pneumonia, myocarditis and endocarditis.
==Pathology==
==Pathology==