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Lizard Physical Examination (view source)
Revision as of 14:18, 2 November 2010
, 14:18, 2 November 2010no edit summary
Consider examining in a quiet area; the use of the [[Lizard_Handling_and_Restraint#Non-chemical_restraint_-_the_oculovagal_response|oculovagal reflex]] will allow for a more relaxed clinical examination.
Consider examining in a quiet area; the use of the [[Lizard_Handling_and_Restraint#Non-chemical_restraint_-_the_oculovagal_response|oculovagal reflex]] will allow for a more relaxed clinical examination.
==Skin==
==Skin==
Skin folding indicates dehydration, cachexia. Assessment of dehydration in reptiles is analogous to mammals. With 5-8% dehydration there is loss of skin elasticity with a wrinkled appearance. With more severe dehydration (10-15%) the eyes are sunken and the mucous membranes become dry and sticky (consider that the oral cavity of most reptiles is relatively dry compared with mammals).
Skin folding indicates dehydration, cachexia. Assessment of dehydration in reptiles is analogous to mammals. With 5-8% dehydration there is loss of skin elasticity with a wrinkled appearance. With more severe dehydration (10-15%) the eyes are sunken and the mucous membranes become dry and sticky (consider that the oral cavity of most reptiles is relatively dry compared with mammals).
'''For more information on lizard skin, see''' [[Lizard Integument|Lizard Integument]].
'''For more information on normal lizard skin anatomy, see''' [[Lizard Integument|Lizard Integument]].
* The [[Lizard Eye|eyes]] should be clear and free of discharge.
* The [[Lizard Eye|eyes]] should be clear and free of discharge.
* The [[Lizard Eye|eyes]] should be bright and clear.
* The [[Lizard Eye|eyes]] should be bright and clear.
====Ophthalmologic Examination====
====Ophthalmologic Examination====
* Other diagnostic tools, such as tonometry (measurement of the intraocular pressure), stains, cytology, bacteriology, histopathology and electron microscopy, in addition to routine diagnostic tools ([[Lizard and Snake Haemotology|haemotology]], [[Lizard and Snake Biochemistry|biochemistry]], [[Lizard and Snake Imaging|radiology and ultrasound]]) can also be used to detect an ocular disease or underlying problem in lizards.
* Other diagnostic tools, such as tonometry (measurement of the intraocular pressure), stains, cytology, bacteriology, histopathology and electron microscopy, in addition to routine diagnostic tools ([[Lizard and Snake Haemotology|haemotology]], [[Lizard and Snake Biochemistry|biochemistry]], [[Lizard and Snake Imaging|radiology and ultrasound]]) can also be used to detect an ocular disease or underlying problem in lizards.
'''For more information on the eye, see''' [[Lizard Eye|Lizard Eye]].
'''For more information on the anatomy of the lizard eye, see''' [[Lizard Eye|Lizard Eye]].
===Tympanum===
===Tympanum===
* Check that there is no abnormal swelling.
* Check that there is no abnormal swelling.
'''For more information on the lizard ear, see''' [[Lizard Ear|Lizard Ear]].
'''For more information on the anatomy of the lizard ear, see''' [[Lizard Ear|Lizard Ear]].
===Skull and mandible===
===Skull and mandible===
* Check for discharges and foreign body.
* Check for discharges and foreign body.
* Observe during respiration to differentiate between discharges originating from [[Lizard Respiratory System|respiratory]] or [[Lizard Gastrointestinal System|GIT]].
* Observe during respiration to differentiate between discharges originating from [[Lizard Respiratory System|respiratory]] or [[Lizard Gastrointestinal System|GIT]].
====Pharynx====
====Pharynx====
'''For information on the lizard's respiratory system, see''' [[Lizard Respiratory System|Lizard Respiratory System]].
'''For more information on the normal anatomy and physiology of the lizard's respiratory system, see''' [[Lizard Respiratory System|Lizard Respiratory System]].
'''For information on the lizard's sense of taste and smell, see''' [[Lizard Taste and Smell|Lizard Taste and Smell]].
'''For information on the lizard's sense of taste and smell, see''' [[Lizard Taste and Smell|Lizard Taste and Smell]].
* Enlarged kidneys may be palpated by this method. Endoscopic examination should be considered.
* Enlarged kidneys may be palpated by this method. Endoscopic examination should be considered.
* Examine the tail for swellings, masses, tail tip necrosis and evidence of [[Autotomy|tail loss and regeneration]].
* Examine the tail for swellings, masses, tail tip necrosis and evidence of [[Autotomy|tail loss and regeneration]].
==Sexing==
==Sexing==
Carry out normal measurement procedures, such as rostrum to [[Cloaca|cloaca]], [[Cloaca|cloaca]] to tail tip and weight.
Carry out normal measurement procedures, such as rostrum to [[Cloaca|cloaca]], [[Cloaca|cloaca]] to tail tip and weight.
[[Category:Lizard Examination|P]]
==Literature Search==
[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]
Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).
<br><br><br>
[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093118384.pdf '''Neurologic examination in reptiles - Part I: Cranial nerve examination.''' Bennett, R. A.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 17-21 January, 2009, 2009, pp 1766-1767 - '''Full Text Article''']
[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093118385.pdf '''Neurologic examination in reptiles - Part II: Localizing neurologic dysfunction.''' Bennett, R. A.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 17-21 January, 2009, 2009, pp 1768-1769 - '''Full Text Article''']
[[Category:Lizard Examination|C]]