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Upon entry into the [[Lizard and Snake Quarantine|quarantine]] area the keeping of records for individual animals should begin.  Identification is extremely important for this to be successful.

 

Upon the entry into the quarantine area the keeping of records for individual animals should begin.  Identification is extremely important for this to be successful.

===Hygiene===

===Hygiene===

Hygiene is probably the most important part of a preventive medicine program and includes attention to food and water, personnel and the environment.  A food preparation area (especially one for humans!) should never be used cage cleaning.  Maintaining personal hygiene will also help reduce the likelihood of a zoonosis.  Sterilization of the environment is not possible but the frequent use of disinfectants is extremely important in addition to the vigorous removal of faeces and other debris.

Hygiene is probably the most important part of a preventive medicine program and includes attention to food and water, personnel and the environment.  A food preparation area (especially one for humans!) should never be used for cage cleaning.  Maintaining personal hygiene will also help reduce the risk of catching a [[Lizard and Snake Zoonoses|zoonotic]] condition.  Sterilisation of the environment is not possible but the frequent use of disinfectants is extremely important in addition to the vigorous removal of faeces and other debris.

====Vivarium disinfectants====

====Vivarium disinfectants====

{| border="2"

{| border="2"

|+  

|+  

!bgcolor="#CC66FF"| Chemical  

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Chemical  

!bgcolor="#CC66FF"| Trade Name  

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Trade Name  

!bgcolor="#CC66FF"| Safe or Toxic  

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Safe or Toxic  

!bgcolor="#CC66FF"| Comments  

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Comments  

|-

|-

| Phenol/Cresol || Lysol || Toxic || Effective against acid fast bacteria, less so against fungi, no effect against spores.

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Phenol/Cresol  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Lysol  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Toxic  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Effective against acid fast bacteria, less so against fungi, no effect against spores.

|-  

|-  

| Quaternary ammonium compounds || Ark-Klens / Cetrimide || Safe || Effective, broad antibacterial activity. Poor efficacy against spores, viruses and fungi. Inactive in presence of soap.

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Quaternary ammonium compounds  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Ark-Klens / Cetrimide  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Safe  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Effective, broad antibacterial activity. Poor efficacy against spores, viruses and fungi. Inactive in presence of soap.

|-

|-

| Chlorhexidine || Hibitane || Safe || Effective, broad spectrum activity in presence of organic matter and other antiseptics. Inactive in presence of soap.

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Chlorhexidine  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Hibitane  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Safe  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Effective, broad spectrum activity in presence of organic matter and other antiseptics. Inactive in presence of soap.

|-

|-

| Hypochlorites || Milton || Safe || Unstable in solution and repeated use may cause skin irritation and burns.

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Hypochlorites  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Milton  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Safe  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Unstable in solution and repeated use may cause skin irritation and burns.

|-

|-

| Iodophores || Tamodine-E / Betadine / Povidon-iodine || Safe || Good against gram positive and negative bacteria, viruses and spores. Poor against acid fast bacilli and spores. Solution active as long as brown colour remains.

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Iodophores  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Tamodine-E / Betadine / Povidon-iodine  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Safe  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Good against gram positive and negative bacteria, viruses and spores. Poor against acid fast bacilli and spores. Solution active as long as brown colour remains.

|-

|-

| Dodecyclo-di-glycine || Amprotect || Safe || Good spectrum of activity against gram positive and negative bacteria, fungi and viruses.

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Dodecyclo-di-glycine  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Amprotect  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Safe  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Good spectrum of activity against gram positive and negative bacteria, fungi and viruses.

|-

|-

| Formaldehyde  

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Formaldehyde  

| -

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| -

| Toxic

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Toxic

|Poisonous but can be used to disinfect empty vivaria.

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Poisonous but can be used to disinfect empty vivaria.

|}

|}

===Vector control===

===Vector control===

Preventive medicine includes elimination of mechanical and biological vectors.  For instance the snake mite has been incriminated in the spread of viral diseases and ''Aeromonas hydrophila''.  Flies, ticks and ants are potential vectors for disease.  The eradication method must be effective against the vector but safe for snakes and lizards.  For instance the vapours from dichlorvos strips can be potentially toxic to reptiles.

Preventive medicine includes elimination of mechanical and biological vectors.  For instance the snake mite has been incriminated in the spread of viral diseases and ''[[Aeromonas hydrophila]]''.  Flies, ticks and ants are potential vectors for disease.  The eradication method must be effective against the vector but safe for snakes and lizards.  For instance the vapours from dichlorvos strips can be potentially toxic to reptiles.

===Formite control===

===Formite control===

When moving between cages or exhibitions it is possible to transfer organisms between snakes.  Care must be taken to minimise transfer of disease by formites.

When moving between cages or exhibitions it is possible to transfer organisms between snakes.  Care must be taken to minimise transfer of disease by fomites.

===Prophylactic treatments===

===Prophylactic treatments===

Prophylactic treatments are especially important in quarantine but may be useful on a regular basis.  For snakes parasiticides are probably the most important.

Prophylactic treatments are especially important in [[Lizard and Snake Quarantine|quarantine]] but may be useful on a regular basis.  For snakes parasiticides are probably the most important.