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Lizards and snakes are different to mammals in several aspects of nitrogenous excretion. Uric acid is the primary catabolic end-product of protein, nonprotein nitrogen and purines in reptiles. It is synthesised in the liver and excreted by renal tubular secretion.  
 
Lizards and snakes are different to mammals in several aspects of nitrogenous excretion. Uric acid is the primary catabolic end-product of protein, nonprotein nitrogen and purines in reptiles. It is synthesised in the liver and excreted by renal tubular secretion.  
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* Water can be reabsorbed from the bladder resulting in postrenal concentration of urine; insoluble uric acid can be excreted which allows for water conservation.  
 
* Water can be reabsorbed from the bladder resulting in postrenal concentration of urine; insoluble uric acid can be excreted which allows for water conservation.  
 
* Fluid is pumped from the contents of the colon by osmotic forces.  
 
* Fluid is pumped from the contents of the colon by osmotic forces.  
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|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093069451.pdf ''' Reptile and amphibian renal systems.''' Wyneken, J.; Mader, D.; Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians, Chester Heights, USA, Proceedings of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians, 14th Annual Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 14-18 April, 2007, 2007, pp 62-68, 13 ref.]
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==References==
 
==References==
    
* Mader, D.R. (2005). ''Reptile Medicine and Surgery''. Saunders. pp. 1264. ISBN 072169327X
 
* Mader, D.R. (2005). ''Reptile Medicine and Surgery''. Saunders. pp. 1264. ISBN 072169327X
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==Webinars==
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<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/internal-medicine/webinars/feed</rss>
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[[Category:Lizard_Physiology]]
 
[[Category:Lizard_Physiology]]
 
[[Category:Snake Physiology]]
 
[[Category:Snake Physiology]]