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Lizard and Snake Surgery (view source)
Revision as of 11:21, 4 November 2010
, 11:21, 4 November 2010→Literature Search
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[[Image:Snake_op.jpg|300px|thumb|right|(Copyright © RVC)]]
==Introduction==
Reptilian surgery has much in common with mammalian surgery with some special considerations.
Reptilian surgery has much in common with mammalian surgery with some special considerations.
* For information on lizard and snake anaesthesia, see [[Lizard and Snake Anaesthesia|Lizard and Snake Anaesthesia]].
* For information on lizard and snake anaesthesia, see [[Lizard and Snake Anaesthesia|Lizard and Snake Anaesthesia]].
* For information on lizard and snake dystocia surgery, see [[Lizard and Snake Dystocia|Lizard and Snake Dystocia]].
* For information on lizard and snake dystocia surgery, see [[Lizard and Snake Dystocia|Lizard and Snake Dystocia]].
* For information on how to inject a lizard, see [[Lizard Injection|Lizard Injection]].
* For information on how to inject a lizard, see [[Lizard Injection|Lizard Injection]].
==Preparation==
==Preparation==
[[Image:Snake_clear_drapes.jpg|200px|thumb|right|(Copyright © RVC)]]
[[Image:Cerumen_loops_close.jpg|200px|thumb|right|(Copyright © RVC)]]
* Assess hydration, metabolic and nutritional status and correct as necessary. Ideally take a blood sample. Use aseptic technique.
* Assess hydration, metabolic and nutritional status and correct as necessary. Ideally take a blood sample. Use aseptic technique.
==Surgical instruments==
==Surgical instruments==
Instruments are similar to those used in mammalian surgery:
Instruments are similar to those used in mammalian surgery:
==Coeliotomy approach==
==Coeliotomy approach==
[[Image:Ventral_abdo_vein.bmp|300px|thumb|right|'''The ventral abdominal vein''' (Copyright © RVC and its licensors, Sean Bobbit, Sue Evans, Andrew Devare and Claire Moore. All rights reserved)]]
[[Image:Ventral_abdo_vein.bmp|300px|thumb|right|'''The ventral abdominal vein in a lizard''' (Copyright © RVC)]]
Common indications for coeliotomies include dystocia and related problems, abscesses and exploratory surgery especially for taking biopsies. Consider magnification for small snakes and lizards.
Common indications for coeliotomies include [[Lizard and Snake Dystocia|dystocia]] and related problems, abscesses and exploratory surgery especially for taking biopsies. Consider magnification for small snakes and lizards.
===Lizards===
===Lizards===
* Paralumbar and midline approaches are recommended.
* Paralumbar and midline approaches are recommended.
* Serious haemorrhage can occur if the ventral abdominal vein (which is very large and located on the ventral midline a few millimetres deep to the linea alba) is cut. A paramedian incision is recommended to avoid this. If a ventral midline approach is used great caution is advised!
* Serious haemorrhage can occur if the [[Ventral abdominal vein|ventral abdominal vein]] (which is very large and located on the ventral midline a few millimetres deep to the linea alba) is cut. A paramedian incision is recommended to avoid this. If a ventral midline approach is used great caution is advised!
===Snakes===
===Snakes===
==Wound healing==
==Wound healing==
[[Image:Snake_op2.jpg|200px|thumb|right|(Copyright © RVC)]]
* Surgical incisions in reptiles undergo the same phases of healing as mammalian wounds but strengthen much more slowly. Factors affecting wound healing include would include ambient temperature (i.e. POTZ), hygiene, orientation (longitudinal wounds heal more quickly). Leave sutures in for at least three to six weeks.
* Surgical incisions in reptiles undergo the same phases of healing as mammalian wounds but strengthen much more slowly. Factors affecting wound healing include would include ambient temperature (i.e. [[Preferred optimum temperature zone|POTZ]]), hygiene, orientation (longitudinal wounds heal more quickly). Leave sutures in for at least three to six weeks.
* Absorption of buried sutures appears prolonged because reptiles may lack proteolytic enzymes. Do not use catgut.
* Absorption of buried sutures appears prolonged because reptiles may lack proteolytic enzymes. Do not use catgut.
* Skin incisions tend to invert so use an everting suture pattern. Do not use continuous suture pattern in areas of stress (e.g. horizontal mattress, staples).
* Skin incisions tend to invert so use an everting suture pattern. Do not use continuous suture pattern in areas of stress (e.g. horizontal mattress, staples).
* Once awake and responsive place in a warm, dark, quiet environment.
* Once awake and responsive place in a warm, dark, quiet environment.
[[Category:Lizard_and_Snake_Surgery]]
==Literature Search==
[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]
Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).
<br><br><br>
[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=(title:(snake)+OR+ab:(snake)+OR+od:(snake)+OR+title:(lizard)+OR+ab:(lizard)+OR+od:(lizard)+OR+title:(reptile)+OR+ab:(reptile)+OR+od:(reptiles))+AND+(title:(surgery)+OR+title:(surgery)) Reptile Surgery publications]
[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093118382.pdf '''Soft tissue surgery in reptiles: principles and approaches.''' Bennett, R. A.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 17-21 January, 2009, 2009, pp 1758-1761 - '''Full Text Article''']
[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093118381.pdf '''That's hard: principles of orthopedic surgery in reptiles.''' Bennett, R. A.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 17-21 January, 2009, 2009, pp 1755-1757 - '''Full Text Article''']
[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093118383.pdf '''That's soft: soft tissue surgery in reptiles.''' Bennett, R. A.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 17-21 January, 2009, 2009, pp 1762-1765 - '''Full Text Article''']
[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2007/20073120017.pdf ''' Snake anatomy and physiology with reference to surgery and anesthesia.''' Holz, P.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 21, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2007, 2007, pp 1542-1543 - '''Full Text Article''']
[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2006/20063121823.pdf '''Reptile coeliotomy: a vital technique to master.''' Hernandez-Divers, S. J.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 20, Orlando, Florida, USA, 7-11 January, 2006, 2006, pp 1614-1618, 3 ref. - '''Full Text Article''']
[[Category:Lizard_Procedures|D]]
[[Category:Snake Procedures|D]]