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Also known as: '''''Lumpy jaw — Actinomycosis
==Introduction==
[[File:actinomyces bovis.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center> bovine actinomycosis, 3-years-old bull, 2-month evolution. (L. Mahin
[[File:actinomyces bovis.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center> bovine actinomycosis, 3-years-old bull, 2-month evolution. (L. Mahin
2008, Wikimedia commons)</center></small>]]
2008, Wikimedia commons)</center></small>]]
Actinomyces is a normal commensal of the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract and digestive tract of cattle, it gains entry to underlying soft tissues when the mucosa is damaged by trauma or eruption of teeth. It causes an inflammatory reaction, the connective tissue proliferates and is followed by infiltration of leukocytes which results in the formation of a walled off granuloma. The granuloma invades the bones of the head, in particular the mandible, and continues to grow in size.
Actinomyces is a normal commensal of the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract and digestive tract of cattle, it gains entry to underlying soft tissues when the mucosa is damaged by trauma or eruption of teeth. It causes an inflammatory reaction, the connective tissue proliferates and is followed by infiltration of leukocytes which results in the formation of a walled off granuloma. The granuloma invades the bones of the head, in particular the mandible, and continues to grow in size.
Lesions are characterised by gross swelling, abscesses and draining fistulae overlying granulation of the mandible and maxilla. In some cases the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] and [[Oesophageal groove|oesophageal groove]] may become involved but the lymph nodes are not affected.
Lesions are characterised by gross swelling, abscesses and draining fistulae overlying granulation of the mandible and maxilla. In some cases the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] and [[Oesophageal Groove|oesophageal groove]] may become involved but the lymph nodes are not affected.
==Signalment==
==Signalment==
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
Treatment is rarely successful in advanced cases and recurrence of lesions is common; slaughter is advised.
Treatment is rarely successful in advanced cases and recurrence of lesions is common; slaughter is advised.
==Literature Search==
[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]
Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).
<br><br><br>
[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Mandibular+Osteomyelitis%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=OR&q2=%22Lumpy+jaw%22&occuring2=title&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=39&y=13&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all Mandibular Osteomyelitis publications]
==References==
==References==
* Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''' ''Merial''
* Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''' ''Merial''
{{review}}
[[Category:Teeth_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]]
[[Category:Teeth_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]]
[[Category:Cattle]]
[[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Bacterial Myositis]]
[[Category:To_Do_- lizzyk]]
[[Category:Brian Aldridge reviewing]]
[[Category:To_Do_- Review]]