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− | ===[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of pigs|Enzootic pneumonia of pigs]]=== | + | {{OpenPagesTop}} |
| + | {{Taxobox |
| + | |name = ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'' |
| + | |phylum = Firmicutes |
| + | |class = Mollicutes |
| + | |order = Mycoplasmatales |
| + | |family = Mycoplasmataceae |
| + | |genus = [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|Mycoplasma]] |
| + | |species = ''M.hyopneumoniae'' |
| + | }} |
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− | *[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of pigs|Enzootic pneumonia of pigs]] caused by ''M. hyopneumoniae''
| + | ==Introduction== |
− | *Occur in unfavourable conditions with poor ventilation, overcrowding and temperature fluctuations
| + | '''''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae''''' is a very '''small, gram positive [[Bacteria|bacterial]] pathogen.''' It is round in shape and stores its DNA in a nucleolus and in fibrillar cytoplasmic material. |
− | *Stunted growth rates, coughing and occasionally respiratory distress
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− | *Consolidation in apical and cardiac lung lobes
| + | Culture of ''M. hyopneumoniae'' is difficult and time-consuming and requires specialised media. It grows slowly, requires 5-10% carbon dioxide and produces an acid colour shift. Because of the time taken, contamination is very common, especially with other [[Mycoplasmas]]. |
− | *Immunofluorescence of lung tissue and complement fixation test or ELISA used for identification
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− | *Treatment includes in-feed antibiotics such as tylosin, lincomycin and tiamulin
| + | ==Pathogenesis== |
− | *Absent in specific-pathogen-free herds
| + | ''M. hyopneumoniae'' '''adheres to the cilia of the respiratory tract'''<ref>Zielinski, G. C., Ross, R. F (1993) '''Adherence of ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'' to porcine ciliated respiratory tract cells.''' ''American J Vet Research'', 54(8):1262-1269; 27</ref>, causing '''ciliostasis, clumping and loss.'''<ref>Debey, M. C., Ross, R. F (1994) '''Ciliostasis and loss of cilia induced by ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'' in porcine tracheal organ cultures'''. ''Infection and Immunity'', 62(12):5312-5318; 33</ref> This is followed by '''loss of epithelial cells and goblet cells'''. <ref>Debey, M. C., Jacobson, C. D., Ross, R. F (1992) '''Histochemical and morphologic changes of porcine airway epithelial cells in response to infection with ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'''''. ''American Journal of Veterinary Research'', 53(9):1705-1710; 28</ref> This '''reduces the efficacy of mucociliary clearance and allows the colonisation''' of the secondary pathogens that are usually involved in [[Enzootic Pneumonia - Pigs|Enzootic Pneumonia]]. |
− | [[Category:Mycoplasmas]][[Category:Pig]] | + | |
| + | ''M. hyopneumoniae'' also alters many other aspects of the host’s immune system, including [[B cells|B]] and [[T cells|T lymphocyte]] driven immunity, alveolar [[macrophages]] and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. |
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| + | '''Mononuclear infiltration''' of peribronchiolar and perivascular areas is the basis of pneumonic lesions and often causes the formation of lymphoid nodules when disease is chronic, as it often is. |
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| + | Pathogenicity and severity of disease are stipulated by the presence and interaction of ''M. hyopneumoniae'' with other pathogens. |
| + | |
| + | ==Diseases== |
| + | ''M. hyopneumoniae'' causes '''[[Enzootic Pneumonia - Pigs|enzootic pneumonia in pigs]]'''. |
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| + | {{Learning |
| + | |flashcards = [[Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Flashcards|''M. hyopneumoniae'' Flashcards]] |
| + | |literature search= |
| + | [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Mycoplasma+hyopneumoniae%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=69&y=10&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'' publications] |
| + | }} |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | ==References== |
| + | <references/> |
| + | {{CABI source |
| + | |datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=74548&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae''] |
| + | |date =25 June 2011 |
| + | }} |
| + | <br><br><br> |
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| + | {{review}} |
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| + | {{OpenPages}} |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:CABI Expert Review]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]] |
| + | [[Category:Mycoplasmas]] |