Changes

==[[Melatonin]]==

==[[Melatonin]]==

Melatonin has been shown to impair the acquisition of fear, but not its expression in rats<ref>Yang, Z., Li, C., Huang, F. (2013) Melatonin impaired acquisition but not expression of contextual fear in rats. Neurosci Lett. 27;552:10-4.</ref>. It has been used to treat seasonal affective disorder, and possibly other conditions such as bipolar disorder in which circadian disturbances are observed<Bhattacharjee, Y., (September 2007). "Psychiatric research. Is internal timing key to mental health?". Science 317 (5844): 1488–90.</ref>. Melatonin may be used to correct sleep disturbance in people, such as multiple sclerosis patients<ref>Adamczyk-Sowa, M., Pierzchala, K., Sowa, P., Mucha, S., Sadowska-Bartosz, I., Adamczyk, J., Hartel, M. (2014) Melatonin Acts as Antioxidant and Improves Sleep in MS Patients. Neurochem Res.</ref>, and may be involved in the phenomenon of worsening clinical signs in Alzheimer's patients in the late afternoon and evening (known as "sundowning")<ref>Volicer, L., Harper, D.G., Manning, B.C., Goldstein, R., Satlin, A. (2001). "Sundowning and circadian rhythms in Alzheimer's disease". Am J Psychiatry 158 (5): 704–11.</ref>. In one study treatment with melatonin produced improvements in cognition and sleep quality of Alzheimer's patients<ref>Wade, A.G., Farmer, M., Harari, G., Fund, N., Laudon, M., Nir, T., Frydman-Marom, A., Zisapel, N. (2014) Add-on prolonged-release melatonin for cognitive function and sleep in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial.

Melatonin has been shown to impair the acquisition of fear, but not its expression in rats<ref>Yang, Z., Li, C., Huang, F. (2013) Melatonin impaired acquisition but not expression of contextual fear in rats. Neurosci Lett. 27;552:10-4.</ref>. It has been used to treat seasonal affective disorder, and possibly other conditions such as bipolar disorder in which circadian disturbances are observed<Bhattacharjee, Y., (September 2007). "Psychiatric research. Is internal timing key to mental health?". Science 317 (5844): 1488–90.</ref>. Melatonin may be used to correct sleep disturbance in people, such as multiple sclerosis patients<ref>Adamczyk-Sowa, M., Pierzchala, K., Sowa, P., Mucha, S., Sadowska-Bartosz, I., Adamczyk, J., Hartel, M. (2014) Melatonin Acts as Antioxidant and Improves Sleep in MS Patients. Neurochem Res.</ref>, and may be involved in the phenomenon of worsening clinical signs in Alzheimer's patients in the late afternoon and evening (known as "sundowning")<ref>Volicer, L., Harper, D.G., Manning, B.C., Goldstein, R., Satlin, A. (2001). "Sundowning and circadian rhythms in Alzheimer's disease". Am J Psychiatry 158 (5): 704–11.</ref>. In one study, treatment with melatonin produced improvements in cognition and sleep quality of Alzheimer's patients<ref>Wade, A.G., Farmer, M., Harari, G., Fund, N., Laudon, M., Nir, T., Frydman-Marom, A., Zisapel, N. (2014) Add-on prolonged-release melatonin for cognitive function and sleep in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Clin Interv Aging. 18;9:947-61.</ref>. This suggests a potential role in canine and feline cognitive dysfunction syndrome. There is a single report of the use of melatonin to treat fear of loud noises in a dog<ref>Aronson, L. Animal behaviour case of the month. A dog was evaluated because of extreme fear. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:22-4.</ref>.

Clin Interv Aging. 18;9:947-61.</ref>. This suggests a potential role in canine and feline cognitive dysfunction syndrome. There is a single report of the use of melatonin to treat fear of loud noises in a dog<ref>Aronson, L. Animal behaviour case of the month. A dog was evaluated because of extreme fear. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:22-4.</ref>.

==Tryptophan==

==Tryptophan==