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Also known as: '''''Enamel Hypoplasia'''''
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
This condition is a consequence of abnormalities occuring during the period of tooth eruption. It invloves damage to [[Enamel Organ#Ameloblasts|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]]) in utero, which upsets permanent incisor formation. The condition [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|Enamel]] is marked by pits and lines etc.
[[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]]
This condition is a consequence of abnormalities occurring during the period of [[Tooth Eruption|tooth eruption]]. It involves damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Ameloblasts|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]]) in utero, which upsets permanent incisor formation. The [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] is marked by pits and lines etc.
In ruminants damage to [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]] formation most often caused by fluoride poisoning and is seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent.
In ruminants, damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation is most often caused by fluoride poisoning and is seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent.
In dogs, [[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]] hypoplasia may occur following a Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) infection during tooth development . This is a very severe systemic disease seen early in life or in utero in dogs.
In dogs, hypoplasia may occur following a [[Canine Distemper Virus]] (CDV) infection during tooth development. This is a very severe systemic disease seen early in life or in utero in dogs. For more small animal specific information please see [[Tooth Developmental Problems#Enamel Dysplasia|Enamel Dysplasia]]
Hypoplasia may also occur in single teeth following damage to the permanent tooth germ, for example if a deciduous tooth is fractured or extracted without care. The damaged ameloblasts will fail to form enamel and abnormalities will be evident.
== Clinical Signs ==
== Clinical Signs ==
In ruminants, one will see a chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]], due to enamel hypoplasia. There is usually no difficulty in mastication detected and the animal is clinically well.
In ruminants, one will see a chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]], due to enamel hypoplasia. There is usually no difficulty in mastication detected and the animal is clinically well.
In dogs, CDV causing enamel hypoplasia, may result in severe discoloration or pitting of teeth due to effect on [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]] formation. (e.g. [[Canine Distemper Virus|distemper in dog]])
In dogs, enamel hypoplasia may result in severe discoloration or pitting of a tooth or teeth due to the effect on [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation.
== Diagnosis ==
== Diagnosis ==
Clinical signs are diagnositc, plus history e.g. of CDV in dogs, fluoride in cattle.
Clinical signs are diagnostic, plus history e.g. of CDV in dogs, fluoride in cattle.
== Treatment and Control ==
There is no treatment for this condition. Control measures are prevention of the causes of the disease, e.g. vaccination against CDV and prevention of fluoride poisoning in cattle.
If only a single tooth is affected, restorative treatment can be performed using dental composites or a metal-alloy jacket crown.
{{Learning
|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=Odontodystrophy Odontodystrophy]
|flashcards = [[Veterinary Dentistry Q&A 13]]
}}
== References ==
== References ==
Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry (3rd Edition), British Small Animal Veterinary Association.
Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry''' (3rd Edition), ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association.''
Williams, A (2008) '''Alimentary System Study Guide,''''' Royal Veterinary College.''
Verstraete, F. (1999) '''Self-assessment colour review in Veterinary Dentistry''' ''Manson Publishing''
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[[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]]
[[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]]
[[Category:Oral Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:Dental Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Dental Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]
[[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]