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Oestrus Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 13:44, 5 July 2012
, 13:44, 5 July 2012→Queen
=== Aids to Improve Oestrus Detection ===
=== Aids to Improve Oestrus Detection ===
For methods of oestrous synchronisation and oestrus induction click [[Oestrous_Cycle_-Pharmacological_Manipulation_of_Oestrous_Cycles_- Anatomy & Physiology|here]].
For methods of oestrous synchronisation and oestrus induction click [[Oestrous Cycle Pharmacological Manipulation - Anatomy & Physiology|here]].
==== Tail Paint ====
==== Tail Paint ====
* Oestrous detection is a problem because mares not in oestrus can cause significant damage to a stallion.
* Oestrous detection is a problem because mares not in oestrus can cause significant damage to a stallion.
* May be a slight [[Oedema - Pathology|oedema]] of the vulva and a mucoid discharge.
* May be a slight [[Oedema|oedema]] of the vulva and a mucoid discharge.
* Generally mares return to oestrous about 6-10 days after foaling.
* Generally mares return to oestrous about 6-10 days after foaling.
** Called a ''''foal heat'''' because often the foal develops [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] at this time, which makes the oestrus easy to detect.
** Called a ''''foal heat'''' because often the foal develops [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] at this time, which makes the oestrus easy to detect.
==== Ultrasound ====
==== Ultrasound ====
* Detection of a [[Follicles - Anatomy & Physiology|'''follicle''']] and absence of a [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_- Anatomy & Physiology|'''corpus luteum''']] by palpation or ultrasound examination of [[Ovary_- Anatomy & Physiology|ovaries]].
* Detection of a [[Follicles - Anatomy & Physiology|'''follicle''']] and absence of a [[Corpus Luteum - Anatomy & Physiology|'''corpus luteum''']] by palpation or ultrasound examination of [[Ovary_- Anatomy & Physiology|ovaries]].
* Demonstration of follicle size, follicle wall thickening and follicle wall softening on ultrasound.
* Demonstration of follicle size, follicle wall thickening and follicle wall softening on ultrasound.
* In dioestrus, the [[Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] and [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]] are pale pink and mucus is scanty and sticky.
* In dioestrus, the [[Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] and [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]] are pale pink and mucus is scanty and sticky.
* During oestrus, there is a gradual increase in vascularity of the genital tract and relaxation of the [[Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] with dilation of the cervical os.
* During oestrus, there is a gradual increase in vascularity of the genital tract and relaxation of the [[Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] with dilation of the cervical os.
* Approaching [[The_Ovary_-_Ovulation_- Anatomy & Physiology|ovulation]], the [[Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] becomes very relaxed and its protrusion can be seen on the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vaginal]] floor.
* Approaching [[Ovulation - Anatomy & Physiology|ovulation]], the [[Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] becomes very relaxed and its protrusion can be seen on the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vaginal]] floor.
** [[Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|Cervical]] folds are oedematous
** [[Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|Cervical]] folds are oedematous
* [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|Vaginal]] folds glisten with clear lubricant mucus.
* [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|Vaginal]] folds glisten with clear lubricant mucus.
** Deviation of the tail
** Deviation of the tail
** Discharge becomes paler in colour
** Discharge becomes paler in colour
** Reduction in vulval [[Oedema - Pathology|oedema]]
** Reduction in vulval [[Oedema|oedema]]
* Poor relationship between time of [[The_Ovary_-_Ovulation_- Anatomy & Physiology|ovulation]] and external appearance.
* Poor relationship between time of [[Ovulation - Anatomy & Physiology|ovulation]] and external appearance.
=== Clinical Methods and Assessments for Oestrus Detection ===
=== Clinical Methods and Assessments for Oestrus Detection ===
* Assessment of [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology_and_Innervation|vaginal epithelial cells]]
* Assessment of [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology_and_Innervation|vaginal epithelial cells]]
* Examination of the appearance of the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vaginal]] wall.
* Examination of the appearance of the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vaginal]] wall.
* Measurement of plasma progesterone concentration (detecting a rise in progesterone that preceeds [[The_Ovary_-_Ovulation_- Anatomy & Physiology|'''ovulation''']] in this species).
* Measurement of plasma progesterone concentration (detecting a rise in progesterone that preceeds [[Ovulation - Anatomy & Physiology|'''ovulation''']] in this species).
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== Queen ==
== Queen ==
* Oestrus detection is important, for although the queen is an '''induced ovulator''' (thus [[The_Ovary_-_Ovulation_- Anatomy & Physiology|'''ovulation''']] will not be missed), the LH response to mating decreases with each day of oestrus and [[Follicles - Anatomy & Physiology|'''follicles''']] ultimately regress.
* Oestrus detection is important, for although the queen is an '''induced ovulator''' (thus [[Ovulation - Anatomy & Physiology|'''ovulation''']] will not be missed), the LH response to mating decreases with each day of oestrus and [[Follicles - Anatomy & Physiology|'''follicles''']] ultimately regress.
* '''Proestrus''' is short and often unnoticed.
* '''Proestrus''' is short and often unnoticed.
* Oestrus is characterized by increased [[Attractivity Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Auditory_Signals|vocalization]],rubbing and rolling.
* Oestrus is characterized by increased [[Attractivity Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Auditory_Signals|vocalization]],rubbing and rolling.
* Slight mucoid vulval discharge.
* Slight mucoid vulval discharge.
{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Equine Reproduction and Stud Medicine Q&A 15]]<br>[[Equine Reproduction and Stud Medicine Q&A 16]]
}}
[[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]
[[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]
[[Category:Bullet Points]]