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Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 10:13, 7 May 2016
, 10:13, 7 May 2016→Innervation
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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
The pharynx is the chamber connecting the oral cavity, nasal cavity, oesophagus and larynx. The pharynx is divided into the nasal pharynx, oral pharynx and oesophageal/laryngeal pharynx which all have different functions, innervation and develope differently.
The [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] is the chamber connecting the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]], [[Nasal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]], [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] and [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]. The [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx and [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]] which all have different functions, innervation and develop differently. The oropharynx is the oral section of the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]].
[[Image:Pharynx Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Pharynx Labelled - Copyright C.Clarkson and T.F.Fletcher University of Minnesota]]
==Structure and Function==
The last molar borders rostrally and the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Epiglottis|epiglottis]] caudally. The [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] borders ventrally and the [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] dorsally. It is derived from endoderm.
The oropharynx is innervated by the '''glossopharyngeal nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]). It is divided by the '''glossopalatine arch''' from the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]].
==Histology==
The oropharynx has a '''stratified squamous epithelium'''. It is keratinised in ruminants. The '''lamina propria''' contains aggregates of lymphoid tissue (called tonsils) in several parts of the oropharynx.
==Musculature==
==Musculature==
'''Constrictors'''
'''Constrictors'''
The constrictor muscles include the '''hyopharyngeus''', '''thyropharyngeus''' and '''cricopharyngeus'''.
'''Dilators'''
'''Dilators'''
The dilator muscle is the '''stylopharyngeus'''.
'''Shorten'''
The '''pterygopharyngeus''' muscle shortens the oropharynx and the '''palatopharyngeus''' muscle closes the pharyngeal arch.
==Innervation==
==Innervation==
Muscles from the pharyngeal arch are innervated by the '''vagus nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). The stylopharyngeus from the pharyngeal arch is innervated by the '''glossopharyngeal nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]).
{{Template:Learning
|quiz = [[Oropharyngeal anatomy]]
|flashcards = [[Oropharynx Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]]
|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Illustration/ill50412.asp Oropharynx Stick injury]
}}
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[[Category:Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology]]