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Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Overview (view source)
Revision as of 13:04, 10 March 2011
, 13:04, 10 March 2011no edit summary
==Nerve Injury==
==Nerve Injury==
===Classification of Peripheral Nerve Disease===
===Classification of Peripheral Nerve Disease===
*Regeneration occurs along original path - prospect for functional recovery good.
*Regeneration occurs along original path - prospect for functional recovery good.
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|style="background:#B0E0E6; color:black"|'''Neurotemesis:'''||
|style="background:#B0E0E6; color:black"|'''Neurotmesis:'''||
*Axon '''and''' basal lamina interupted (e.g. transection injury)
*Axon '''and''' basal lamina interupted (e.g. transection injury)
*Success of regeneration depends on finding the correct distal stump
*Success of regeneration depends on finding the correct distal stump
*Decreased or abherrant 'pain' response or sensation
*Decreased or abherrant 'pain' response or sensation
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*Aniscoria (dilated / constricted pupils)
*Anisocoria (dilated / constricted pupils)
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|width="250"|<center><big>'''Prognosis + Treatment'''</big></center>
|width="250"|<center><big>'''Prognosis + Treatment'''</big></center>
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|<center><big>'''Distal Denervating Disease'''</big></center>
|<center><big>'''[[Distal Denervating Disease]]'''</big></center>
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*Distal axonopathy, possibly of toxic origin
*Distal axonopathy, possibly of toxic origin
*Good nursing to prevent pressure sores in the recumbant animal
*Good nursing to prevent pressure sores in the recumbant animal
|- style="background:#F0F8FF; color:black"
|- style="background:#F0F8FF; color:black"
|<center><big><span id="IPRN">'''Idiopathic Polyradiculoneuritis'''</span></big></center>
|<center><big><span id="IPRN">'''[[Idiopathic Polyradiculoneuritis]]'''</span></big></center>
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*Immune mediated demyelination often involving roots, directed against unknown epitopes in peripheral myelin.
*Immune mediated demyelination often involving roots, directed against unknown epitopes in peripheral myelin.
*Immunosuppresive levels of corticosteroids (although may delay remyelination)
*Immunosuppresive levels of corticosteroids (although may delay remyelination)
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|<center><big>'''Cauda Equina Traction'''</big></center>
|<center><big>'''[[Polyneuritis Equi|Cauda Equina Traction]]'''</big></center>
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*Tail pull injury
*Tail pull injury
*'''Persist for >3 months if possible'''
*'''Persist for >3 months if possible'''
|- style="background:#F0F8FF; color:black"
|- style="background:#F0F8FF; color:black"
|<center><big>'''Peripheral Nerve Tumours'''</big></center>
|<center><big>'''[[Peripheral Nerve Tumours]]'''</big></center>
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*Nerve sheath tumours
*Nerve sheath tumours
*Amputation of limb?
*Amputation of limb?
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|<center><big>'''Feline Dysautonomia'''</big></center>
|<center><big>'''[[Key-Gaskell Syndrome|Feline Dysautonomia]]'''</big></center>
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*Common in 1980's - Sporadic now
*Common in 1980's - Sporadic now
|width="250"|<center><big>'''Prognosis + Treatment'''</big></center>
|width="250"|<center><big>'''Prognosis + Treatment'''</big></center>
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|<center><big>'''Idiopathic Laryngeal Hemiplagia (ILH)'''</big></center>
|<center><big>'''[[Laryngeal Hemiplegia|Idiopathic Laryngeal Hemiplagia (ILH)]]'''</big></center>
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*Progressive loss of fibres (esp. large diameter) within left recurrent laryngeal nerve compared to right
*Progressive loss of fibres (esp. large diameter) within left recurrent laryngeal nerve compared to right
*[[PNS Repsonses to Injury - Pathology#The 'Dying Back' Phenomenon|Dying back]] axonopathy with myelin sheath involvement:
*[[Peripheral Nervous System - Response to Injury#The 'Dying Back' Phenomenon|Dying back]] axonopathy with myelin sheath involvement:
**Degenerating fibres
**Degenerating fibres
**Regenerating clusters
**Regenerating clusters
*Prognosis usually good
*Prognosis usually good
|-style="background:#F0F8FF; color:black"
|-style="background:#F0F8FF; color:black"
|<center><big>'''Cauda Equina Neuritis'''</big></center>
|<center><big>'''[[Polyneuritis Equi|Cauda Equina Neuritis]]'''</big></center>
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*Equine version of [[#IPRN|Idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis]]
*Equine version of [[#IPRN|Idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis]]
*Recovery unlikely - most animals are destroyed.
*Recovery unlikely - most animals are destroyed.
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|<center><big>'''Stringhalt'''</big></center>
|<center><big>'''[[Stringhalt]]'''</big></center>
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*Causes poorly understood - similar signs caused by sweat pea plant ingestion (lathyrism)
*Causes poorly understood - similar signs caused by sweat pea plant ingestion (lathyrism)
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|-style="background:#F0F8FF; color:black"
|-style="background:#F0F8FF; color:black"
|<center><big>'''Equine Motor Neuron Disease'''</big></center>
|<center><big>'''[[Equine Motor Neuron Disease]]'''</big></center>
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*Generalised LMN disorder
*Generalised LMN disorder
*Degeneration of Ventral horn motor neuron
*Degeneration of Ventral horn motor neuron
*[[PNS Repsonses to Injury - Pathology#Chromatolysis|Chromatolysis]]
*[[Peripheral Nervous System - Response to Injury#Chromatolysis|Chromatolysis]]
*Neurofilament accumulation
*Neurofilament accumulation
*Gliosis
*Gliosis
*[[PNS Repsonses to Injury - Pathology#Wallerian Degeneration|Wallerian degeneration]]
*[[Wallerian Degeneration|Wallerian degeneration]]
*Denervation changes in muscle
*Denervation changes in muscle
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*May progress to constant recumbency (destroy), stabilise or improve
*May progress to constant recumbency (destroy), stabilise or improve
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|<center><big>'''Suprascapular Nerve Injury'''</big></center>
|<center><big>'''[[Suprascapular Nerve Injury]]'''</big></center>
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*'''"Sweeny"'''
*'''"Sweeney"'''
*Commonly damaged by horse coliding into objects
*Commonly damaged by horse colliding into objects
*Fibrous entrapment as nerve reflected around wing of scapula
*Fibrous entrapment as nerve reflected around wing of scapula
*Atrophy of supra- & infra- spinatous muscles
*Atrophy of supra- and infra- spinatous muscles
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*Lateral luxation of shoulder when weight bearing
*Lateral luxation of shoulder when weight bearing
*Botulism
*Botulism
[[Category:Peripheral Nervous System - Pathology|A]]