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− | | + | ==Introduction== |
− | ==Description== | |
| '''Peritonitis''' is defined as inflammation of the [[Peritoneal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|peritoneum]]. The inflammatory response involves vasodilation, [[Exudate|exudation]] of protein-rich fluid, cellular infiltration, pain and, chronically, formation of fibrous adhesion. The disease can be classified into primary and secondary cases. | | '''Peritonitis''' is defined as inflammation of the [[Peritoneal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|peritoneum]]. The inflammatory response involves vasodilation, [[Exudate|exudation]] of protein-rich fluid, cellular infiltration, pain and, chronically, formation of fibrous adhesion. The disease can be classified into primary and secondary cases. |
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| *'''Perforation of the gastro-intestinal tract''' due to foreign bodies, [[Intussusception|intussuscepta]], invasive [[Neoplasia - Pathology|neoplasia]], deep ulceration or dehiscence of surgical wounds or biopsy sites. Peritonitis as a result of wound dehiscence is most likely to occur 3-5 days post-operatively. | | *'''Perforation of the gastro-intestinal tract''' due to foreign bodies, [[Intussusception|intussuscepta]], invasive [[Neoplasia - Pathology|neoplasia]], deep ulceration or dehiscence of surgical wounds or biopsy sites. Peritonitis as a result of wound dehiscence is most likely to occur 3-5 days post-operatively. |
| *'''Penetration of the abdomen''' by a stick, gunshot or other foreign body. | | *'''Penetration of the abdomen''' by a stick, gunshot or other foreign body. |
− | *Rupture of an infected uterus ('''pyometra'''), [[Biliary Tract - Rupture|biliary tract]] or urinary tract. | + | *Rupture of an infected uterus ('''pyometra'''), [[Biliary Tract Rupture|biliary tract]] or urinary tract. |
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| The bacteria causing septic peritonitis or their products may spread systemically causing sepsis or endotoxaemia. | | The bacteria causing septic peritonitis or their products may spread systemically causing sepsis or endotoxaemia. |
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| ===Ultrasonography=== | | ===Ultrasonography=== |
− | This modality has a high sensitivity for the detection of free fluid in the abdomen and it may be used to identify some specific causes of peritonitis, including abscesses of organs or [[Biliary Tract - Rupture|rupture of the biliary tract]]. | + | This modality has a high sensitivity for the detection of free fluid in the abdomen and it may be used to identify some specific causes of peritonitis, including abscesses of organs or [[Biliary Tract Rupture|rupture of the biliary tract]]. |
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| Ultrasound scans can also be used to guide '''abdominocentesis'''. | | Ultrasound scans can also be used to guide '''abdominocentesis'''. |
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| Further possible tests include: | | Further possible tests include: |
| *Measurement of '''amylase''' and '''lipase''' where the cause is suspected to be [[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]] | | *Measurement of '''amylase''' and '''lipase''' where the cause is suspected to be [[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]] |
− | *'''Bile''' where [[Biliary Tract - Rupture|biliary tract rupture]] is suspected. | + | *'''Bile''' where [[Biliary Tract Rupture|biliary tract rupture]] is suspected. |
| *'''Creatinine''' and '''potassium''' if the effusion is thought to be a uroabdomen; creatinine levels in a peritoneal sample that are higher than serum concentrations indicate uroperitoneum. | | *'''Creatinine''' and '''potassium''' if the effusion is thought to be a uroabdomen; creatinine levels in a peritoneal sample that are higher than serum concentrations indicate uroperitoneum. |
| *'''Glucose''' and '''lactate''' should be measured; where their values are <2.8 mmol/l and >5.5 mmol/l respectively the inflammation is likely to be septic. | | *'''Glucose''' and '''lactate''' should be measured; where their values are <2.8 mmol/l and >5.5 mmol/l respectively the inflammation is likely to be septic. |
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| Guarded. Peritonitis is a multifactorial disease and the consequence is fatal in most cases. A rapid diagnosis and treatment may improve the prognosis but it is generally poor in cases of septic peritonitis. | | Guarded. Peritonitis is a multifactorial disease and the consequence is fatal in most cases. A rapid diagnosis and treatment may improve the prognosis but it is generally poor in cases of septic peritonitis. |
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− | ==Literature Search== | + | {{Learning |
− | [[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]] | + | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/felis/search?s=peritonitis Peritonitis] |
− | | + | |literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28peritonitis%29+AND+od%3A%28cats%29+ Peritonitis in cats publications] |
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− | Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).
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− | <br><br><br>
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− | [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28peritonitis%29+AND+od%3A%28cats%29+ Peritonitis in cats publications] | |
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| [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28peritonitis%29+AND+od%3A%28dogs%29+ Peritonitis in dogs publications] | | [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28peritonitis%29+AND+od%3A%28dogs%29+ Peritonitis in dogs publications] |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| For further information on peritonitis see the following In Practice article on SA Peritonitis: [http://inpractice.bvapublications.com/cgi/reprint/26/7/358 maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=haemoabdomen&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT] | | For further information on peritonitis see the following In Practice article on SA Peritonitis: [http://inpractice.bvapublications.com/cgi/reprint/26/7/358 maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=haemoabdomen&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT] |
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| [[Category:Peritoneal_Cavity_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]] | | [[Category:Peritoneal_Cavity_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]] |
| [[Category:Expert Review]][[Category:Peritoneal Cavity Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Peritoneal Cavity Diseases - Dog]] | | [[Category:Expert Review]][[Category:Peritoneal Cavity Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Peritoneal Cavity Diseases - Dog]] |