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~~{{review}}~~

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~~{{toplink~~

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~~|backcolour = D1EEEE~~

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~~|linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology~~

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~~|linktext =Cardiorespiratory System~~

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~~|maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology~~

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~~|pagetype =Pathology~~

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~~|sublink1=Pleural Cavity and Membranes - Pathology~~

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~~|subtext1=PLEURAL CAVITY AND MEMBRANES~~

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~~<br>~~

==Pleuritis==

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*Common in animals

*Inflammatory agents reach the pleura by:

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**Extension from [[~~Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology~~|pneumonia]]

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**Extension from [[:Category:Pneumonia|pneumonia]]

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***Pleuropneumonia (fibrinous [[~~Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#~~Bronchopneumonia|bronchopneumonia]])- inflammation of [[Mesothelial cells|mesothelial cells]] associated with parenchymal disease due to bacterial infection

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***Pleuropneumonia (fibrinous [[Bronchopneumonia|bronchopneumonia]])- inflammation of [[Mesothelial cells|mesothelial cells]] associated with parenchymal disease due to bacterial infection

**Bloodstream

**Trans-diaphragmatic lymphatics from [[Peritonitis|peritoneal cavity]]

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****Organising fibrinous pleuritis in which the visceral pleura becomes enveloped in a restrictive fibrous blanket

****Pleural adhesions, especially common in ruminants and pigs

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*Granulomatous pleuritis may cause [[~~Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#~~Hypertrophic ~~osteopathy~~|hypertrophic osteopathy]]

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*Granulomatous pleuritis may cause [[Hypertrophic Osteopathy|hypertrophic osteopathy]]

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===[[Pyothorax]] (Thoracic empyema)===

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~~===Pyothorax (Thoracic empyema)===~~

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*Purulent effusion in the pleural space

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*Most significant in:

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**'''Horses'''

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***Usually secondary to [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology|pneumonia]] or [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Pulmonary abscesses|lung abscesses]]

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***[[:Category:Streptococcus species|''Streptococci'']] are most commonly isolated

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***Usually yellow exudate

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***Often triggered by stress of travelling, competition or similar

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**'''Dogs'''

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***Often results from migrating grass awns

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***[[:Category:Actinomycetes|''Actinomyces, Nocardia'']] and [[Bacteroides|''Bacteroides'' spp.]] are the most frequently recovered organisms

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***Usually blood stained viscous or creamy exudate, often bilateral

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***Yellowish granules may be present within the exudate

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***Thickened pleura, sometimes fibrinous

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**'''Cats'''

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***Pathogenesis is unclear, possible due to bite wounds or penetrated oesophagus

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***[[Pasteurella multocida|''P. multocida'']] and other Gram-negative organisms are frequently recovered

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***Usually creamy yellow or greyish brown exudate, often bilateral

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| '''Horses'''

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| [[~~HHendra~~ Virus|Hendra virus]]

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| [[Hendra Virus|Hendra virus]]

| extension from nasopharyngeal flora

| .

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|}

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=Test yourself with the Pleural Cavity and Membranes Pathology Flashcards=

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==Test yourself with the Pleural Cavity and Membranes Pathology Flashcards==

[[Pleural_Cavity_and_Membranes_Flashcards_-_Pathology|Pleural Cavity and Membranes Pathology Flashcards]]

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[[Category:Pleural Cavity and Membranes - Pathology]]

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[[Category:Respiratory System - Inflammatory Pathology]]

Bara

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Pleuritis (view source)

Revision as of 13:14, 3 March 2011

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