Changes

Also Known As: '''''Coronaviral Encephalomyelitis — Coronaviral Enteritis — Epidemic Viral Diarrhoea — Ontario Encephalitis — PED — EVD — TOO (The Other One)'''''

Also Known As: '''''Coronaviral Encephalomyelitis — Coronaviral Enteritis — Epidemic Viral Diarrhoea — Ontario Encephalitis — PED — EVD — TOO (The Other One)'''''

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea is a '''neurological''' and '''gastrointestinal disease''' of pigs caused by a '''[[Coronaviridae|coronavirus]].'''  

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED) is a '''gastrointestinal disease''' of pigs caused by a '''[[Coronaviridae|coronavirus]].'''  

EDV is very similar to the coronavirus that causes '''[[Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus]] (TGE)''', also in pigs.  

PED is very similar to the coronavirus that causes '''[[Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus]] (TGE)''', also in pigs.  

   

   

==Distribution==

==Distribution==

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

'''Mortality''' in neonatal pigs is increased and may reach up to '''50% in pigs <1 week of age''', but is generally not as high as with [[Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus|TGE]].

Generally, mortality is very low and the disease is mild.  

 

'''Gastrointestinal''' disease presents with '''pyrexia, watery [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] and marked dehydration, vomiting/regurgitation, anorexia''', bruxism, inappetance and abdominal pain.

 

'''Neurological disease''' is often a result of dehydration and may include '''weakness, paresis/paralysis, trembling, recumbency, coma''', irritability, seizures, hyperaesthesia, blindness and nystagmus.

Skin signs, e.g. erythematous rash may be seen when dehydration is severe.

'''Gastrointestinal''' disease presents with '''watery [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]], vomiting/regurgitation and anorexia'''. In more severe cases there may be pyrexia, mild dehydration and signs of abdominal pain.

Respiratory signs are also present in some cases.

In some cases '''mortality''' in neonatal pigs is increased and may reach up to '''50% in pigs <1 week of age''', but it is generally not as high as with [[Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus|TGE]].

 

'''Acute back muscle necrosis''' has been observed in some finishing pigs with PED, causing sudden deaths.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

PEDV can be demonstrated by '''[[Immunofluorescence]] (IF) or Immunohistochemistry (IHC)''' applied to sections of small intestines from pigs '''euthanased less than 1 day after the onset of diarrhoea.''' This is the most sensitive, reliable and rapid method of achieving definitive diagnosis.

PED can be demonstrated by '''[[Immunofluorescence]] (IF) or Immunohistochemistry (IHC)''' applied to sections of small intestines from pigs '''euthanased less than 1 day after the onset of diarrhoea.''' This is the most sensitive, reliable and rapid method of achieving definitive diagnosis.

PEDV '''antigen''' can be detected via '''[[ELISA testing|ELISA]]''' from '''faeces'''. This is useful for group disease screening.

PED '''antigen''' can be detected via '''[[ELISA testing|ELISA]]''' from '''faeces'''. This is useful for group disease screening.

PEDV '''antibodies''' can be detected serologically via '''IF and ELISA'''. High titres may persist for up to one year after infection.

PED '''antibodies''' can be detected serologically via '''IF and ELISA'''. High titres may persist for up to one year after infection.

On '''post-mortem, the small intestine is filled with yellow fluid''' and distended.

On '''post-mortem, the small intestine is filled with yellow fluid''' and distended.

'''Biosecurity''' can prevent introduction of virus to farms by animal and human traffic.

'''Biosecurity''' can prevent introduction of virus to farms by animal and human traffic.

'''Deliberate transmission''' of PEDV by spreading virus contaminated faeces in with pregnant sows has been used to '''stimulate lactogenic immunity''' and shorten the disease on the farm by protecting neonatal stock.

'''Deliberate transmission''' of PED by spreading virus contaminated faeces in with pregnant sows has been used to '''stimulate lactogenic immunity''' and shorten the disease on the farm by protecting neonatal stock. This can be a dangerous practice if sows are within 14 days of farrowing as abortions may occur. The diagnosis must be confirmed before this is attempted.

When several consecutive litters are affected, movement onto the farm should be stopped and all pigs born within a four week period should be relocated to a different site.

When several consecutive litters are affected, movement onto the farm should be stopped and all pigs born within a four week period should be relocated to a different site.

PEDV is not deemed of enough economical importance to require a vaccine.

PED is not deemed of enough economical importance to require a vaccine.

{{Learning

{{Learning

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|date =19 June 2011

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[[Category:Coronaviridae]]

[[Category:Coronaviridae]]

[[Category:Pig Viruses]]

[[Category:Pig Viruses]]

[[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Pig]]

[[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Pig]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]