Changes

Patients with hepatic diease often have alterations in protein levels due to reduced production, as well as changes in clotting factors. Hypoproteinemia will affect patients undergoing anaesthetics as many agents are protein bound so the reduction in protein means that more of the agent may be available. However, the hypoproteinemia may also be affected by the adminstration of certain fluid types so it is important to have a baseline so that the most appropriate fluid can be selected.  

Patients with hepatic diease often have alterations in protein levels due to reduced production, as well as changes in clotting factors. Hypoproteinemia will affect patients undergoing anaesthetics as many agents are protein bound so the reduction in protein means that more of the agent may be available. However, the hypoproteinemia may also be affected by the adminstration of certain fluid types so it is important to have a baseline so that the most appropriate fluid can be selected.  

If there are any clotting disorders then it may be necessary to give blood products so that the missing clotting factors are available to the patient, while the underlying cause is diagnosed and treated.  

If there are any [[:Category:Coagulation Defects|clotting disorders]] then it may be necessary to give blood products so that the missing clotting factors are available to the patient, while the underlying cause is diagnosed and treated.

===Central Nervous System Disease===

===Central Nervous System Disease===

Patients with head trama or increased intracranial pressure are particularly susceptible to insufficient or excessive fluid loading. It is therefore with care that fluids are administered and monitored. The choice of fluid is dependent on the other clinical signs of the patient such as haemodynamics. The status of the blood brain barrier is an important consideration in any patient and in the selection of fluid. However, fluids containing glucose should be avoided in these patients.

Patients with head trama or increased intracranial pressure are particularly susceptible to insufficient or excessive fluid loading. It is therefore with care that fluids are administered and monitored. The choice of fluid is dependent on the other clinical signs of the patient such as haemodynamics. The status of the [[Blood Brain Barrier - Anatomy & Physiology|blood brain barrier]] is an important consideration in any patient and in the selection of fluid. However, fluids containing glucose should be avoided in these patients.

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[[Category:Fluid Therapy|A]]

[[Category:Fluid Therapy|A]]