4,503
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
Predisposed breeds of dog include the Miniature Schnauzer, Cocker Spaniel, Fox Terrier, Chihuahua, Miniature Pinscher, Labrador Retriever, Newfoundland, Mastiff, Boxer, Samoyed and English and French Bulldog.
Predisposed breeds of dog include the Miniature Schnauzer, Cocker Spaniel, Fox Terrier, Chihuahua, Miniature Pinscher, Labrador Retriever, Newfoundland, Mastiff, Boxer, Samoyed and English and French Bulldog.
== Clinical Signs ==
== History and Clinical Signs ==
A murmur is usually detected at the initial health check or primary vaccination.
Clinical signs include exercise intolerance, syncope and signs of [[Heart Failure, Right-Sided|right sided congestive heart failure]] (if severely affected). Animals may be asymptomatic.
== Diagnosis ==
== Diagnosis ==
===Physical Examination===
* Left-sided, systolic murmur with point of maximal intensity over the heart base
* Grade of murmur correlates with severity of stenosis for fixed obstructions
* Apex beat may be more palpable on the right hemithorax than the left if severe right ventricular hypertrophy is present.
There may be signs of [[Heart Failure, Right-Sided|right sided congestive heart failure]], such as ascites and jugular venous distension and hepatojugular reflux.
===Thoracic Radiographs===
Radiographic findings may include right ventricular enlargement (seen at 1 o'clock on a dorsoventral view), right atrial enlargement and pulmonary artery enlargement (seen at 2 o'clock on a dorsoventral view).
'''Echocardiographic''' findings may include right ventricular hypertrophy, poststenotic dilation of the pulmonary artery and abnormal pulmonic valve if the stenotic area is valvular. Doppler can be used to measure the pressure in the stenotic area and visualize abnormal flow.
'''Echocardiographic''' findings may include right ventricular hypertrophy, poststenotic dilation of the pulmonary artery and abnormal pulmonic valve if the stenotic area is valvular. Doppler can be used to measure the pressure in the stenotic area and visualize abnormal flow.