Changes

* They are positioned in the caudo-dorsal abdomen.

* They are positioned in the caudo-dorsal abdomen.

* They lie within a splitting of the sublumbar fascia.  This also often contains a large quantity of fat to cushion and protect the kidneys from the pressure of other organs   

* They lie within a splitting of the sublumbar fascia.  This also often contains a large quantity of fat to cushion and protect the kidneys from the pressure of other organs   

* The right kidney is most cranial in all species except the pig.

* The right kidney is most cranial in all species except the pig and grasscutter.

* In species where the right kidney is most cranial it lies in a small fossa of the caudate liver lobe.

* In species where the right kidney is most cranial it lies in a small fossa of the caudate liver lobe.

* However the left kidney is the most mobile.

* However the left kidney is the most mobile.

===Bovine===

===Bovine===

The kidneys of the bovine do not lose their foetal lobulation.  In fact the surface of each kidney is divided into approximately 12 lobules.    The right kidney is flattened and ellipsoidal where as the left kidney is thicker at the caudal end than the cranial.  Each kidney is surrounded by the capsula adiposa; a layer of fat.  Despite what it’s externally lobulated appearance may suggest the cortex of the bovine kidney is continuous and the kidney is of multipyramidal type.  The bovine kidney has no renal pelvis but rather the [[Ureters - Anatomy & Physiology | Ureters]] enters the kidney and divide into a cranial and caudal branch.  These branches then subdivide and the papilla at the apex of the pyramids open and drain into these.

The kidneys of the bovine do not lose their foetal lobulation.  In fact the surface of each kidney is divided into approximately 12 lobules.    The right kidney is flattened and ellipsoidal where as the left kidney is thicker at the caudal end than the cranial.  Each kidney is surrounded by the capsula adiposa; a layer of fat.  Despite what it’s externally lobulated appearance may suggest, the cortex of the bovine kidney is continuous and the kidney is of multipyramidal type.  The bovine kidney has no renal pelvis but rather the [[Ureters - Anatomy & Physiology | Ureters]] enters the kidney and divide into a cranial and caudal branch.  These branches then subdivide and the papilla at the apex of the pyramids open and drain into these.

The right ureter leaves the kidney and passes along the roof of the abdomen to the pelvis in a fairly standard pattern.  The left ureter however moves across the dorsal surface of its kidney to return to the midline and follow a course as if the kidney was located on the left.  (both kidneys in the bovine are located on the right see the anatomical landmarks section for further details)

The right ureter leaves the kidney and passes along the roof of the abdomen to the pelvis in a fairly standard pattern.  The left ureter however moves across the dorsal surface of its kidney to return to the midline and follow a course as if the kidney was located on the left.  (both kidneys in the bovine are located on the right see the anatomical landmarks section for further details)

===Porcine===

===Porcine===

The kidneys are dorsoventrally flattened.  The renal pelvis opens into quite a large space of two major calicyes from which bud about 10 minor calyces.  These attach to one renal papillae each.  The kidneys have a smooth surface.

The kidneys are dorsoventrally flattened.  The renal pelvis opens into quite a large space of two major calyces from which bud about 10 minor calyces.  These attach to one renal papilla each.  The kidneys have a smooth surface.

===Equine===

===Equine===

|flashcards = [[Macroscopic Renal Anatomy - Renal Flash Cards - Anatomy & Physiology]]

|flashcards = [[Macroscopic Renal Anatomy - Renal Flash Cards - Anatomy & Physiology]]

|videos = [[Video: Feline Abdomen|Feline Abdomen potcast]]<br>[[Video: Bovine Pregnant Uterus|Bovine pregnant uterus potcast]]<br>[[Video: Bovine liver potcast 2|Bovine liver potcast 2]]<br>[[Video: Feline abdominal and pelvic cavity potcast|Feline abdominal and pelvic cavity potcast]]<br>[[Video: Bovine pregnant uterus potcast 2|Bovine pregnant uterus potcast 2]]<br>[[Video: Lateral view of the pelvic cavity and reproductive tract of the cow potcast|Lateral view of the pelvic cavity and reproductive tract of the cow potcast]]

|videos = [[Video: Feline Abdomen|Feline Abdomen potcast]]<br>[[Video: Bovine Pregnant Uterus|Bovine pregnant uterus potcast]]<br>[[Video: Bovine liver potcast 2|Bovine liver potcast 2]]<br>[[Video: Feline abdominal and pelvic cavity potcast|Feline abdominal and pelvic cavity potcast]]<br>[[Video: Bovine pregnant uterus potcast 2|Bovine pregnant uterus potcast 2]]<br>[[Video: Lateral view of the pelvic cavity and reproductive tract of the cow potcast|Lateral view of the pelvic cavity and reproductive tract of the cow potcast]]

}}

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