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Respiration in Non-Homeotherms - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 18:58, 28 June 2012
, 18:58, 28 June 2012no edit summary
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==Fish==
==Fish==
Gills are in the walls of both sides of the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and are composed of filaments which increase the surface area.
Gills are in the walls of both sides of the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and are composed of filaments which increase the surface area.
When a fish breaths, it takes in water into the mouth, which is then forced out through the gills. A '''countercurrent exchange''' system is in place within the gills to make gaseous exchange more efficient.
When a fish breaths, it takes in water into the mouth, which is then forced out through the gills. A '''countercurrent exchange''' system is in place within the gills to make gaseous exchange more efficient.
The gill has several important functions in fish physiology: '''respiration, nitrogenous excretion and fluid balance''' regulation.
The anatomic structure of the gills helps in its functions by providing a '''large and very thin surface'''. The gill filaments are divided into multiple finger-like projections, the primary lamellae, which in turn are divided into secondary lamellae.
There is usually very little mucus on the gill surface.
==Amphibia==
==Amphibia==
Chelonians have adapted a '''dive reflex''' which enables them to respire anaerobically. They have extremely high levels of bicarbonate in their blood which allows them to buffer the lactic acid produced. Chelonians have an extremely short trachea in relation to their size. They have paired lungs in the '''dorsal cavity'''. Intestines etc. lie in the '''ventral cavity'''. These are separated by a diaphragmatic septum which has no muscular part. Chelonians possess large spongy lungs which reduce 80% in size when the head and limbs are retracted inside the shell. The lungs have a single intrapulmonary bronchus which radiates in a network of bronchioles and faveoli. Lungs are ventilated by leg movement in terrestrial animals, and have highly developed trunk muscles to facilitate this. Aquatic species are able to respire due to the hydrostatic pressure of water, which forces air in and out of the lungs. In addition, some soft-shelled chelonians are able to absorb oxygen through their shells and skin when submerged.
Chelonians have adapted a '''dive reflex''' which enables them to respire anaerobically. They have extremely high levels of bicarbonate in their blood which allows them to buffer the lactic acid produced. Chelonians have an extremely short trachea in relation to their size. They have paired lungs in the '''dorsal cavity'''. Intestines etc. lie in the '''ventral cavity'''. These are separated by a diaphragmatic septum which has no muscular part. Chelonians possess large spongy lungs which reduce 80% in size when the head and limbs are retracted inside the shell. The lungs have a single intrapulmonary bronchus which radiates in a network of bronchioles and faveoli. Lungs are ventilated by leg movement in terrestrial animals, and have highly developed trunk muscles to facilitate this. Aquatic species are able to respire due to the hydrostatic pressure of water, which forces air in and out of the lungs. In addition, some soft-shelled chelonians are able to absorb oxygen through their shells and skin when submerged.
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[[Category:Respiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
[[Category:Respiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
[[Category:A&P Done]]
[[Category:A&P Done]]