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==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The rumen is the first chamber of the ruminant stomach. It is the largest chamber and has regular contractions to move food around for digestion, eliminate gases through [[Eructation - Anatomy & Physiology|eructation]] and send food particles back to the mouth for [[Mastication|remastication]]. The rumen breaks down food particles through mechanical digestion and fermentation with the help of symbiotic microbes. [[Volatile Fatty Acids|Volatile fatty acids]] are the main product of ruminant digestion.

The rumen is the first chamber of the ruminant stomach. It is the largest chamber and has regular contractions to move food around for digestion, eliminate gases through [[Eructation|eructation]] and send food particles back to the mouth for [[Mastication|remastication]]. The rumen breaks down food particles through mechanical digestion and fermentation with the help of symbiotic microbes. [[Volatile Fatty Acids|Volatile fatty acids]] are the main product of ruminant digestion.

==Structure==

==Structure==

The rumen is involved in waste removal. Simpler products of digestion are assimilated directly, others continue down the digestive tract for further digestion. It mixes food and moves it forwards through the stomach chambers. Sensors in the rumen can determine the coarseness of the food. Coarse, tough feed needs stronger and more frequent ruminal contractions. The '''vagus nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]) is needed for control of stomach movements. The reflex control is through sensory receptors in the medulla.  

The rumen is involved in waste removal. Simpler products of digestion are assimilated directly, others continue down the digestive tract for further digestion. It mixes food and moves it forwards through the stomach chambers. Sensors in the rumen can determine the coarseness of the food. Coarse, tough feed needs stronger and more frequent ruminal contractions. The '''vagus nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]) is needed for control of stomach movements. The reflex control is through sensory receptors in the medulla.  

See [[Rumination - Anatomy & Physiology|rumination]] and [[Eructation - Anatomy & Physiology|eructation]].

See [[Rumination|rumination]] and [[Eructation|eructation]].

==Ruminoreticular contraction==

==Ruminoreticular contraction==

[[Image:Contractions of the ruminoreticulum diagram.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Diagram of the contractions of the ruminoreticulum - Copyright RVC 2008]]

[[Image:Contractions of the ruminoreticulum diagram.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Diagram of the contractions of the ruminoreticulum - Copyright RVC 2008]]

The contractions have to main functions:

The contractions have two main functions:

:Primary contraction mixes food by a ruminoreticuluar mixing cycle. There are 2 contractions of the reticulum (2nd most powerful) which continue over the [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]]. Ingesta flows from the reticulum to cranial rumenal sac and then to reticulum (or ventral sac). It occurs every 60 seconds.  

:Primary contraction mixes food by a ruminoreticuluar mixing cycle. There are 2 contractions of the reticulum (2nd most powerful) which continue over the [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]]. Ingesta flows from the reticulum to cranial rumenal sac and then to reticulum (or ventral sac). It occurs every 60 seconds.  

:The secondary contraction lets gas out (see [[Eructation - Anatomy & Physiology|eructation]]). Ingesta flows from the ventral blind sac to the dorsal blind sac then to dorsal sac (eructation) and to the ventral sac.

:The secondary contraction lets gas out (see [[Eructation|eructation]]). Ingesta flows from the ventral blind sac to the dorsal blind sac then to dorsal sac (eructation) and to the ventral sac.

==Vasculature==

==Vasculature==

The rumen receives blood from the '''cranial mesenteric artery''', '''celiac artery''' and '''right''' and '''left ruminal arteries'''.

The rumen receives blood from the '''celiac artery''' which branches into the '''right''' and '''left ruminal arteries'''.

==Innervation==

==Innervation==

|flashcards = [[Rumen Flashcards]]

|flashcards = [[Rumen Flashcards]]

|videos = [http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Anatomy/bovine/Pot0052.mp4 Lateral view of the Abdomen of a young Ruminant]<br>[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Anatomy/bovine/pot0175.mp4 Sections of the Ruminant Stomach]<br>[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Frean/sheep/LeftSideTopography.mp4 Left sided topography of the Ovine Abdomen and Thorax]<br>[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Frean/sheep/RightSideTopography.mp4 Right sided topography of the Ovine Abdomen]<br>[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Frean/sheep/RuminantStomachStructure.mp4 Structure of the ruminant forestomachs]

|videos = [http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Anatomy/bovine/Pot0052.mp4 Lateral view of the Abdomen of a young Ruminant]<br>[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Anatomy/bovine/pot0175.mp4 Sections of the Ruminant Stomach]<br>[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Frean/sheep/LeftSideTopography.mp4 Left sided topography of the Ovine Abdomen and Thorax]<br>[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Frean/sheep/RightSideTopography.mp4 Right sided topography of the Ovine Abdomen]<br>[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Frean/sheep/RuminantStomachStructure.mp4 Structure of the ruminant forestomachs]

}}

}}

 

[[Category:Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology]]

[[Category:Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology]]

[[Category:A&P Done]]

[[Category:A&P Done]]