Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| + | {{OpenPagesTop}} |
| ==Introduction== | | ==Introduction== |
| + | [[File:Salivary glands.jpg|500px|right|thumb|Dog salivary glands]] |
| + | The [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] is drained by numerous salivary glands. The saliva secreted keeps the mouth moist and facilitates [[Mastication|mastication]] by lubricating the passage of the bolus. |
| | | |
− | The [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] is drained by numerous salivary glands. The saliva secreted keeps the mouth moist and facilitates [[Mastication|mastication]] by lubricating the passage of the bolus.
| + | Salivary glands are present in the [[Cheeks|cheek]], [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Lips|lips]], [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]], [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] and [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] but the major salivary glands are located further away from the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and function through connective ducts. |
| | | |
− | Salivary gands are present in the [[Cheeks|cheek]], [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Lips|lips]], [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]], [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] and [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] but the major salivary glands are located further away from the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and function through connective ducts.
| + | Saliva provides digestive enzymes, is a route of excretion of substances which accumulate on the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] and provides lubricative and also cleansing functions. Salivary glands can produce a [[Serous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|serous]] secretion, a [[Mucous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|mucous]] secretion or both. |
| | | |
− | Saliva provides digestive enzymes, is a route of excretion of substances which accumulate on the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] and provides lubricative and also cleansing functions.
| + | ==Types of Salivary Glands== |
| | | |
− | Salivary glands can produce a [[Serous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|serous]] secretion, a [[Mucous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|mucous]] secretion or both.
| |
− |
| |
− | ==Types of Salivary Glands==
| |
− | [[Image:Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland - Copyright Nottingham 2008]]
| |
| ===Major Salivary Glands=== | | ===Major Salivary Glands=== |
− | *[[Parotid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Parotid]] (glandula parotis)
| |
| | | |
− | *[[Mandibular Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Mandibular]] (glandula mandibularis)
| + | [[Parotid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Parotid]] (glandula parotis), [[Mandibular Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Mandibular]] (glandula mandibularis), [[Sublingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Sublingual]] (glandula sublinguales) and [[Zygomatic Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Zygomatic]] (glandula zygomatica). |
− | | |
− | *[[Sublingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Sublingual]] (glandula sublinguales)
| |
− | | |
− | *[[Zygomatic Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Zygomatic]] (glandula zygomatica)
| |
| | | |
| ===Minor Salivary Glands=== | | ===Minor Salivary Glands=== |
| | | |
− | *[[Labial Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Labial]]
| + | [[Labial Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Labial]], [[Lingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Lingual]], [[Buccal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Buccal]] and [[Palatine Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Palatine]]. |
| | | |
− | *[[Lingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Lingual]]
| |
− |
| |
− | *[[Buccal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Buccal]]
| |
− |
| |
− | *[[Palatine Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Palatine]]
| |
− |
| |
− | [[Image:Salivary Glands Dog.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Salivary Glands Labelled (Dog) - Copyright C.Clarkson and T.F.Fletcher University of Minnesota]]
| |
| | | |
| ==Innervation== | | ==Innervation== |
| | | |
− | *Sympathetic
| + | The salivary glands are innervated by '''sympathetic'''- Vasoconstriction occurs and the flow of saliva is decreased. |
− | **Vasoconstriction occurs
| |
− | **Flow of saliva is decreased
| |
| | | |
− | *Parasympathetic (most important)
| + | The salivary glands are also innervated by '''parasympathetic''' (most important)- They travel from the brainstem by the facial ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]) and glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) then into branches of the trigeminal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V]]). The flow of salivary fluid increases and vasodilation occurs. |
− | **Travel from the brainstem by the facial ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]) and glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN XI]]) then into branches of the trigeminal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V]])
| |
− | **Flow of salivary fluid increases
| |
− | **Vasodilation occurs
| |
| | | |
− | *Main nerves are occulomotor ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN III]]), facial ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]), glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) and vagus ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]])
| + | The main nerves are the '''occulomotor''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN III]]), '''facial''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]), '''glossopharyngeal''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) and '''vagus''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). |
| | | |
| ==Saliva== | | ==Saliva== |
| | | |
− | *Mainly water
| + | Saliva is mainly water and contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion, salt- mainly sodium bicarbonate, mucin, electrolytes, antimicrobial agents and lingual lipase. |
| | | |
− | *Amylase for carbohydrate digestion
| + | ==Species Differences== |
− | | + | [[Image:Salivary Glands of Different Species.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Salivary Glands of cow, horse, pig and dog - Copyright prof. Pat Mccarthy]] |
− | *Salt- mainly sodium bicarbonate
| |
| | | |
− | *Mucin
| |
− |
| |
− | *Electrolytes
| |
− |
| |
− | *Antimicrobial agents
| |
− |
| |
− | *Lingual lipase
| |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− | ==Species Differences==
| |
− | [[Image:Salivary Glands of Different Species.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Salivary Glands of cow, horse, pig and dog - Copyright prof. Pat Mccarthy]]
| |
| ===Equine=== | | ===Equine=== |
− | *Produce up to 40L per day
| + | Produce up to 40L per day. |
| | | |
| ===Bovine=== | | ===Bovine=== |
− | *Produce 110-180L per day
| + | Produce 110-180L per day. |
| | | |
| ===Porcine=== | | ===Porcine=== |
− | *Produce up tp 15L per day
| + | Produce up to 15L per day. |
− | | |
− | ==Test yourself with the Salivary Glands flashcards==
| |
− | | |
− | [[Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards#Salivary Glands Flashcards|Salivary Glands Flashcards]]
| |
| | | |
| ==Links== | | ==Links== |
| | | |
− | [[:Category:Salivary Glands - Pathology|Salivary Glands Pathology]] | + | '''Click here for information on [[:Category:Salivary Glands - Pathology|Salivary Glands Pathology]]''' |
| | | |
| + | {{Template:Learning |
| + | |flashcards= [[Salivary Gland Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]] |
| + | |powerpoints= [[Oral Cavity Histology resource|Oral Cavity Histology, see part 2 for salivary glands]] |
| + | |dragster = [[Oral Cavity Histology Resource (II)|Salivary Glands Histology Activity]] |
| + | |videos = [[Video: Lateral surface of the head of the dog potcast|Lateral surface of the head of the dog potcast]]<br>[[Video: Lateral surface and sagittal section of the head of a sheep|Lateral surface and sagittal section of the head of a sheep]]<br>[[Video: Lateral surface of the head of the dog potcast 4|Lateral surface of the head of the dog potcast 4]]<br>[[Video: Lateral surface of the head of the dog potcast 6|Lateral surface of the head of the dog potcast 6]] |
| + | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=salivary Salivary Gland diseases] |
| + | }} |
| | | |
| + | {{OpenPages}} |
| [[Category:Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology]] | | [[Category:Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology]] |
| + | [[Category:A&P Done]] |