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| ==Introduction== | | ==Introduction== |
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− | The [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] is drained by numerous salivary glands. The saliva secreted keeps the mouth moist and facilitates [[Mastication|mastication]] by lubricating the passage of the bolus. | + | The [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] is drained by numerous salivary glands. The saliva secreted keeps the mouth moist and facilitates [[Mastication|mastication]] by lubricating the passage of the bolus. |
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| Salivary gands are present in the [[Cheeks|cheek]], [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Lips|lips]], [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]], [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] and [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] but the major salivary glands are located further away from the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and function through connective ducts. | | Salivary gands are present in the [[Cheeks|cheek]], [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Lips|lips]], [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]], [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] and [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] but the major salivary glands are located further away from the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and function through connective ducts. |
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− | Saliva provides digestive enzymes, is a route of excretion of substances which accumulate on the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] and provides lubricative and also cleansing functions. | + | Saliva provides digestive enzymes, is a route of excretion of substances which accumulate on the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] and provides lubricative and also cleansing functions. Salivary glands can produce a [[Serous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|serous]] secretion, a [[Mucous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|mucous]] secretion or both. |
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− | Salivary glands can produce a [[Serous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|serous]] secretion, a [[Mucous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|mucous]] secretion or both. | + | ==Types of Salivary Glands== |
| + | [[Image:Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland - Copyright Nottingham 2008]] |
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− | ==Types of Salivary Glands==
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− | [[Image:Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland - Copyright Nottingham 2008]]
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| ===Major Salivary Glands=== | | ===Major Salivary Glands=== |
− | *[[Parotid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Parotid]] (glandula parotis)
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− | *[[Mandibular Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Mandibular]] (glandula mandibularis)
| + | [[Parotid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Parotid]] (glandula parotis), [[Mandibular Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Mandibular]] (glandula mandibularis), [[Sublingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Sublingual]] (glandula sublinguales) and [[Zygomatic Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Zygomatic]] (glandula zygomatica). |
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− | *[[Sublingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Sublingual]] (glandula sublinguales)
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− | *[[Zygomatic Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Zygomatic]] (glandula zygomatica)
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| ===Minor Salivary Glands=== | | ===Minor Salivary Glands=== |
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− | *[[Labial Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Labial]]
| + | [[Labial Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Labial]], [[Lingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Lingual]], [[Buccal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Buccal]] and [[Palatine Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Palatine]]. |
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− | *[[Lingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Lingual]]
| + | [[Image:Salivary Glands Dog.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Salivary Glands Labelled (Dog) - Copyright C.Clarkson and T.F.Fletcher University of Minnesota]] |
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− | *[[Buccal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Buccal]]
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− | *[[Palatine Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Palatine]]
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− | [[Image:Salivary Glands Dog.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Salivary Glands Labelled (Dog) - Copyright C.Clarkson and T.F.Fletcher University of Minnesota]] | |
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| ==Innervation== | | ==Innervation== |
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− | *Sympathetic
| + | The salivary glands are innervated by '''sympathetic'''- Vasoconstriction occurs and the flow of saliva is decreased. |
− | **Vasoconstriction occurs
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− | **Flow of saliva is decreased
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− | *Parasympathetic (most important)
| + | The salivary glands are also innervated by '''parasympathetic''' (most important)- They travel from the brainstem by the facial ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]) and glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN XI]]) then into branches of the trigeminal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V]]). The flow of salivary fluid increases and vasodilation occurs. |
− | **Travel from the brainstem by the facial ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]) and glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN XI]]) then into branches of the trigeminal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V]])
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− | **Flow of salivary fluid increases
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− | **Vasodilation occurs
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− | *Main nerves are occulomotor ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN III]]), facial ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]), glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) and vagus ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]])
| + | The main nerves are the '''occulomotor''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN III]]), '''facial''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]), '''glossopharyngeal''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) and '''vagus''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). |
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| ==Saliva== | | ==Saliva== |
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− | *Mainly water
| + | Saliva is mainly water and contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion, salt- mainly sodium bicarbonate, mucin, electrolytes, antimicrobial agents and lingual lipase. |
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− | *Amylase for carbohydrate digestion
| + | ==Species Differences== |
− | | + | [[Image:Salivary Glands of Different Species.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Salivary Glands of cow, horse, pig and dog - Copyright prof. Pat Mccarthy]] |
− | *Salt- mainly sodium bicarbonate
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− | *Mucin
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− | *Electrolytes
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− | *Antimicrobial agents
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− | *Lingual lipase
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− | ==Species Differences==
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− | [[Image:Salivary Glands of Different Species.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Salivary Glands of cow, horse, pig and dog - Copyright prof. Pat Mccarthy]]
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| ===Equine=== | | ===Equine=== |
− | *Produce up to 40L per day
| + | Produce up to 40L per day. |
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| ===Bovine=== | | ===Bovine=== |
− | *Produce 110-180L per day
| + | Produce 110-180L per day. |
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| ===Porcine=== | | ===Porcine=== |
− | *Produce up tp 15L per day
| + | Produce up tp 15L per day. |
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− | ==Test yourself with the Salivary Glands flashcards== | + | ==Links== |
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− | [[Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards#Salivary Glands Flashcards|Salivary Glands Flashcards]]
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− | ==Links==
| + | '''Test yourself with the [[Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards#Salivary Glands Flashcards|Salivary Glands Flashcards]]''' |
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− | [[:Category:Salivary Glands - Pathology|Salivary Glands Pathology]] | + | '''Click here for information on [[:Category:Salivary Glands - Pathology|Salivary Glands Pathology]]''' |
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| [[Category:Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology]] | | [[Category:Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology]] |
− | [[Category:To Do - A&P]] | + | [[Category:To Do - AimeeHicks]] |