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Salmonella strains are often named after where they were first isolated. All strains can occur epizootically, enzootically and sporadically. The strains can all produce similar clinical signs. Infection is via the faecal- oral route and organisms penetrate enterocytes before crossing the mucosa and entering macrophages. After entering macrophages, organins may then either remain localised to the gut, or are carried round the body to cause disease. There are 2 main types of disease; '''septicaemic''' and '''enteric'''. Each outbreak causes only one type of disease. The type of disease is linked to serotype- some serotyopres produce septicaemia, whereas others remain localised in the gut.

Salmonella strains are often named after where they were first isolated. All strains can occur epizootically, enzootically and sporadically. The strains can all produce similar clinical signs. Infection is via the faecal- oral route and organisms penetrate enterocytes before crossing the mucosa and entering macrophages. After entering macrophages, organins may then either remain localised to the gut, or are carried round the body to cause disease. There are 2 main types of disease; '''septicaemic''' and '''enteric'''. Each outbreak causes only one type of disease. The type of disease is linked to serotype- some serotypes produce septicaemia, whereas others remain localised in the gut.

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=== Clinical Signs ===

=== Clinical Signs ===

Animals suffer from pyrexia, and occasionally a little bit of [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]]. The skin is reddened diffusely and bruise-like dark purplish-red blotched may be seen. The intestines maay show mild catarrhal enteritis, becoming fibrinous lower down. The bowel is generally flaccid, reddened and filled with fluid. Ecchymotic and petechial haemorrhages are often see on the serosa and mucosa. There may also be enlarged, haemorrhagic mesenteric lymph nodes and excessive blood-tinged peritoneal fluid. The lungs are collapsed and frothy and the heart is often dilated with ecchymotic haemorrhages. The [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and kidneys are also flabby and may have subcapsular haemorrhages and may contain small white foci of necrosis known as '''paratyphoid granulomas'''.

Animals suffer from pyrexia, and occasionally a little bit of [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]]. The skin is reddened diffusely and bruise-like dark purplish-red blotches may be seen. The intestines may show mild catarrhal enteritis, becoming fibrinous lower down. The bowel is generally flaccid, reddened and filled with fluid. Ecchymotic and petechial haemorrhages are often seen on the serosa and mucosa. There may also be enlarged, haemorrhagic mesenteric lymph nodes and excessive blood-tinged peritoneal fluid. The lungs are collapsed and frothy and the heart is often dilated with ecchymotic haemorrhages. The [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and kidneys are also flabby and may have subcapsular haemorrhages and may contain small white foci of necrosis known as '''paratyphoid granulomas'''.

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