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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
* Seizures are paroxysmal changes in cerebral cortex electrical activity that start abruptly, end suddenly and have a tendency to recur.
* '''Seizures''' are paroxysmal changes in cerebral cortex electrical activity that start abruptly, end suddenly and have a tendency to recur.
* Epilepsy is the occurence of recurrent seizures.
* '''Epilepsy''' is the occurence of recurrent seizures.
==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==
* Generalised seizures may be:
* Generalised seizures may be:
** Idiopathic
** Idiopathic
** Due to an intrinsic disorder in the brain
** Symptomatic
** Acquired
*** Due to intracranial disease e.g. neoplasia, storage diseases etc.
*** Due to a lesion in the brain
** Cryptogenic
*** There is probably an underlying cause but it cannot be identified by the diagnostic tests available.
** Reactive
** Reactive
*** Due to some extracranial disorder, for example a toxin or metabolic disorder.
*** Due to some extracranial disorder, for example a toxin or metabolic disorder.
#* Consists of transient neurological and behavious changes, which can last from hours to days.
#* Consists of transient neurological and behavious changes, which can last from hours to days.
====Idiopathic Epilepsy====
====[[Idiopathic Epilepsy]]====
====Acquired Generalisd Seizures====
====Acquired Generalisd Seizures====
|Lead, organophosphates, metaldehyde, strychnine
|Lead, organophosphates, metaldehyde, strychnine
|}
|}
[[File:Causes of Epilepsy in cats and dogs older than 6 years.pdf|alt=|thumb|Causes of Seizures in Cats and Dogs older than 6 Years]]
==Investigation of Seizures==
==Investigation of Seizures==
** Serum lead
** Serum lead
** MRI and CT scanning, and CSF analysis, help rule out cancer.
** MRI and CT scanning, and CSF analysis, help rule out cancer.
<br><br>
{{Template:Learning
|podcasts = [[Seizures podcast|RVC clinical podcast about seizures]]<br>
}}
[[Category:Central Nervous System - Pathology]]