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| == Introduction == | | == Introduction == |
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| ==Signalment== | | ==Signalment== |
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− | Some diseases predispose animals to secondary pulmonary hypertension. Predisposed breeds include brachycephalic dogs (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease); small breeds ([[Mitral Valve Dysplasia|mitral endocardiosis]]) and West Highland White Terriers (pulmonary fibrosis). | + | Some diseases predispose animals to secondary pulmonary hypertension. Predisposed breeds include brachycephalic dogs (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease); small breeds ([[Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease|mitral endocardiosis]]) and West Highland White Terriers (pulmonary fibrosis). |
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| == Clinical Signs == | | == Clinical Signs == |
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| :Complete Blood Count will show an eosinophilia if ther is parasitic involvement. (Serology or Fecal Baermann tests would confirm parasitic involvement). | | :Complete Blood Count will show an eosinophilia if ther is parasitic involvement. (Serology or Fecal Baermann tests would confirm parasitic involvement). |
| :Biochemistry would show hyperglobulinemia in chronic inflammation. | | :Biochemistry would show hyperglobulinemia in chronic inflammation. |
| + | :A biomarker for a pulmonary hypertension is an elevated NT-proBNP. |
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| '''Urinalysis''' may show the presence of proteinuria if systemic disease is present. | | '''Urinalysis''' may show the presence of proteinuria if systemic disease is present. |
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− | '''Radiography''' is best performed with a DV view. Signs will include left atrial and ventricular enlargement, pulmonary arterial enlargement, congested pulmonary veins and signs of pulmonary disease. | + | '''Radiography''' is best performed with a DV view. Signs will include right atrial and ventricular enlargement, pulmonary arteries enlargement, enlargement of the V. cava caudalis, congested pulmonary veins and signs of pulmonary disease. |
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| '''Electrocardiography''' may show the presence of right ventricular hypertrophy (deep S-waves) and signs of myocardial hypoxia (ST segment abnormalities). | | '''Electrocardiography''' may show the presence of right ventricular hypertrophy (deep S-waves) and signs of myocardial hypoxia (ST segment abnormalities). |
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− | '''Echocardiography''' may be used to calculate pulmonary arterial pressures. It may also show enlargement of the right-side of the heart and enable visualisation of mitral or tricuspid regurgitation. | + | '''Echocardiography''' may be used to calculate pulmonary arterial pressures. It may also show enlargement of the right-side of the heart and enable visualisation of mitral or tricuspid regurgitation.<gallery caption="[[File:Enlarged pulmonary artery.jpg|thumb|354x354px|Enlarged pulmonary artery]]"> |
− | | + | </gallery> |
| + | <gallery caption="[[File:Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension.jpg|thumb|340x340px|Enlarged right atrium and ventricle]]"> |
| + | </gallery> |
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| == Treatment == | | == Treatment == |
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| Depends on the disease condition causing pulmonary hypertension and the ability to control it. Prognosis is poor when pulmonary drainage is irreversible. | | Depends on the disease condition causing pulmonary hypertension and the ability to control it. Prognosis is poor when pulmonary drainage is irreversible. |
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| [[Category:Lungs_-_Circulatory_Pathology]] [[Category:Vascular_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Vascular_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Arterial_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review]] | | [[Category:Lungs_-_Circulatory_Pathology]] [[Category:Vascular_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Vascular_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Arterial_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review]] |
| + | [[Category:Cardiology Section]] |