Changes

Caused by: '''''Streptococcus iniae''

Caused by: '''''Streptococcus iniae''

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Streptooccosis in fish is most commonly caused by the '''gram positive, facultative anaerobe ''[[:Category:Streptococcus species|Streptococcal]] ''[[Bacteria|bacterium]]''', ''Streptococcus iniae''. It does not fit any Lancefield serotype groups but is '''beta-haemolytic on blood agar'''. Other species may be involved including ''[[Enterococcus faecalis|S. faecalis]], E. seriolicida, S. faecium, S. difficile,'' and ''S. agalactiae''.

Streptooccosis in fish is most commonly caused by the '''gram positive, facultative anaerobe [[Bacteria|bacterium]]''', ''Streptococcus iniae''. It does not fit any Lancefield serotype groups but is '''beta-haemolytic on blood agar'''. Other species may be involved including ''[[Enterococcus faecalis|S. faecalis]], E. seriolicida, S. faecium, S. difficile, S. dysgalactiae'' and ''S. agalactiae''.

''S. iniae'' has also been identified as an '''emerging human pathogen producing soft tissue infections''' in people.<ref>Fuller, J. D., Bast, D. J., Nizet, V., Low, D. E., de Azavedo, J. C (2001) '''Streptococcus iniae virulence is associated with a distinct genetic profile'''. ''Infection and Immunity'', 69</ref> The risk is mainly to direct handlers of infected fish and is not thought to be food-borne.

''S. iniae'' has also been identified as an '''emerging human pathogen producing soft tissue infections''' in people.<ref>Fuller, J. D., Bast, D. J., Nizet, V., Low, D. E., de Azavedo, J. C (2001) '''Streptococcus iniae virulence is associated with a distinct genetic profile'''. ''Infection and Immunity'', 69</ref> The risk is mainly to direct handlers of infected fish and is not thought to be food-borne.

==Distribution==

==Distribution==

Asia, South Africa, USA, Australia, Italy and Spain.

Korea, Japan, Israel, Iran, Bahrain, South Africa, USA, Australia, Italy and Spain.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

''S. iniae'' causes '''meningoencephalitis, systemic septicaemia and subsequent mortalities''' in fish, particularly cultured species.

''S. iniae'' causes '''meningoencephalitis, systemic septicaemia and subsequent mortalities''' in fish, particularly cultured species.

Affected fish display '''bilateral exopthalmos and distension of the eyes''' giving their heads a strange shape. Internal and external '''haemorrhages may be grossly visible and skin is often darkened'''. Fish are lethargic, anorexic and stop feeding. They '''swim listlessly''' and exhibit strange behaviour.

Affected fish display '''bilateral exopthalmos and distension of the eyes''' giving their heads a strange shape. Internal and external '''haemorrhages may be grossly visible and skin is often darkened'''. Fish are lethargic, anorexic, stop feeding and they '''swim listlessly'''.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

==References==

==References==

<references/>

<references/>

{{CABI source

{{CABI source

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=63336&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Streptococcus iniae''] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=63343&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 streptococcosis in fish caused by ''Streptococcus iniae'']

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=63336&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Streptococcus iniae''] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=63343&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 streptococcosis in fish caused by ''Streptococcus iniae'']

|date =13 July 2011

|date =13 July 2011

}}

}}

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[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]

[[Category:Zoonoses]]

[[Category:Zoonoses]]

[[Category:Fish Diseases]]

[[Category:Fish Diseases]]