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===Clinical Signs===
 
===Clinical Signs===
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* Animals display signs of abdominal discomfort, but usually recover if treated.
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The major clinical manifestation is reduced or cyclic feed intake, or both. Other associated signs include decreased efficiency of milk production, reduced fat test, poor body condition score despite adequate energy intake, unexplained diarrhea, and episodes of laminitis. High rates of culling or unexplained deaths may be noted in the herd. Sporadic nosebleeds due to caudal vena cava syndrome may also be observed. The clinical signs are delayed and insidious. Actual episodes of low ruminal pH are not identified; in fact, by the time an animal is observed to be off-feed, its ruminal pH has probably been restored to normal. Diarrhea may follow periods of low ruminal pH; however, this finding is subtle and difficult to evaluate.
* Acute disease can result in death if acidosis is severe.
      
===Pathology===
 
===Pathology===
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