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Caudal vena cava syndrome can cause hemoptysis and peracute deaths due to massive pulmonary hemorrhage in affected cows. In these cases, septic emboli from liver abscesses can lead to lung infections, which ultimately invade pulmonary vessels and cause them to rupture.
 
Caudal vena cava syndrome can cause hemoptysis and peracute deaths due to massive pulmonary hemorrhage in affected cows. In these cases, septic emboli from liver abscesses can lead to lung infections, which ultimately invade pulmonary vessels and cause them to rupture.
 
Subacute ruminal acidosis has also been associated with laminitis and subsequent hoof overgrowth, sole abscesses, and sole ulcers. The severity of laminitis depends on the duration and frequency of metabolic insult. These foot problems generally do not appear until weeks or months after the initiating event. The mechanism by which subacute ruminal acidosis increases the risk of laminitis has not been fully characterized.
 
Subacute ruminal acidosis has also been associated with laminitis and subsequent hoof overgrowth, sole abscesses, and sole ulcers. The severity of laminitis depends on the duration and frequency of metabolic insult. These foot problems generally do not appear until weeks or months after the initiating event. The mechanism by which subacute ruminal acidosis increases the risk of laminitis has not been fully characterized.
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Risk factors: inadequate effective long fibre in the ration: overall lack of fibre (concentrat:forage DM ratio more than 60:40), lack of effective on fibre (short chop length, overmixing of TMR diets), cow chooses not to eat fibre(sorting of ration; poor/no mixing of TMR diet).
    
==Signalment==
 
==Signalment==
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