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| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Subcutaneous Mycoses]] |
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| − | <br>
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| − | ==Chromoblastomycosis==
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| − | *Occurs in horses, dogs, cats and himans
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| − | *Enters tissue through wounds or sites of tissue trauma
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| − | **Limited to subcutaneous and cutaneous tissues
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| − | *Causes hyperplasia and formation of verrucoid, warty nodules
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| − | **Warts are irregular, vegetative and pedunculated
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| − | *Spread is via the lymphatic system
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| − | **Dissemination to other tissues and organs can occur
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| − | *Chronic condition which will progress if not treated
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| − | *Caused by [[Dermatophytosis|dematiaceous fungi]]:
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| − | **''Exophilia jeanselmeri, Phialophora, Cladosporium carrionii, Fonsecaea pedrosoi''
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| − | *Treatment includes [[Antifungal Drugs#The Azoles|Ketoconazole]], [[Antifungal Drugs#Flucytosine|5-fluorocytosine]] and [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|amphotericin B]]
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| − | ==Chromomycosis==
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| − | *Also called Phaeohyphomycosis
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| − | *Opportunistic
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| − | *Infects horses, dogs and humans
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| − | **Found in wounds and abrasions
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| − | *Caused by [[Dermatophytosis|dematiaceous fungi]]
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| − | **''Dactylaria gallopava, Exophiala pisciphila, E. salmonis, Scolecobasidium humicola, S. tshawytschae, Drechslera, Exophilia jeanselmeri, E. verrucosa, Fonsecaea pelrosoi''
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| − | *Nodular and ulcerating lesions of the skin on the feet, legs and occasionally eyes (in turkeys)
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| − | **Regional granulomatous lymphadenitis
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| − | *Single cells or clusters, spherical and thick-walled
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| − | *Brown pigmented fungal elements
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| − | *Multiply by cross-wall formation or splitting (not budding)
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| − | *Grows on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar ar room temperature
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| − | **Slow growth
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| − | **Takes one month
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| − | *For further information, see [[Dermatophytosis|dematiaceous fungi]]
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| − | ==Epizootic Lymphangitis==
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| − | ==Eumycotic Mycetoma==
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| − | *''Pseudoallescheria boydii, Curvularia geniculata, Cochliobolus spicifer, Helminthosporium'' spp.
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| − | *Lives in soil
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| − | *Enters the body via wounds
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| − | *Granulomatous abscesses
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| − | *Microcolonies can be seen grossly in exudate or lesions
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| − | **Grains or granules
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| − | **Brown or black embedded in granulation tissue
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| − | **Small, irregularly shaped
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| − | *Infrequent infections of dogs, cats, cattle and horses
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| − | *Usually affect the extremities
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| − | **Can infect the [[Nasal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal mucosa]]
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| − | ***E.g. Bovine nasal granuloma
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| − | **Can also infect the peritoneum and [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology|skin]]
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| − | *Microscopically:
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| − | **Grains of maduromycosis with wide mycelia (compared to actinomycotic granules)
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| − | **Chlamydospores present
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| − | *Grows on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar
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| − | **Slow
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| − | **Takes 2-3 weeks
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| − | *Treatment includes [[Antifungal Drugs#The Azoles|Ketoconazole]], [[Antifungal Drugs#Flucytosine|5-fluorocytosine]] and [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|amphotericin B]]
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| − | ==Hyphomycosis==
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| − | *Opportunistic infection
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| − | *Rare
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| − | *Caused by ''Penicillium, Beauveria, Acremonium, Fusarium, Paecilomyces''
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| − | *Infects both animals and humans
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| − | ==Pythiosis==
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| − | *Causes Mycotic Swamp Fever
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| − | *Also called phycomycosis
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| − | *Occurs in the USA, Australia, New Guinea, India, Brazil, Colombia, Japan, Costa Rica and Indonesia
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| − | *''Pythium insidiosum''
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| − | *Enters via wounds
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| − | **[[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|Lips]], [[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology#The Head and Neck|head]], [[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology#The Head and Neck|neck]], fetlock, hock and [[Hoof - Anatomy & Physiology|hoof]]
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| − | *Granulomatous infection
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| − | **Necrosis and fistulous tracts
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| − | **Yellow lesions
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| − | *Branching, separated fungi
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| − | *Progressive (rather than systemic) disease
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| − | *Surgery is needed
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| − | ==Rhinosporidiosis==
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| − | ==Sporotrichosis==
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| − | *''Sporothrix schenckii''
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| − | *Occurs in soil, wood and vegetation
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| − | *Worldwide
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| − | *Exogenous infections through wounds
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| − | *Causes subcutaneous nodules or granulomas
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| − | **Nodules ulcerate discharging pus
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| − | *Spread via the [[Lymphatic System - Anatomy & Physiology|lymphatics]]
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| − | *The [[Bones and Cartilage - Anatomy & Physiology|bones]] and viscera can be involved which terminates in mortality
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| − | **This is rare
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| − | **Reported in dogs and horses
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| − | *Affects dogs, horses, cats, monkeys, mules, camels, donkeys, cattle, fowl and rodents
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| − | **Most commonly seen in horses as an ascending lymphocutaneous infection of the legs
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| − | *Single cell, cigar shaped
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| − | **Usually found within [[Neutrophils - WikiBlood|neutrophils]]
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| − | **Yeast cell clusters with peripheral eosinophilic rays can be seen in tissue sections
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| − | *Stained using PAS, fluorescent antibody and Calcofluor White
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| − | *Latex agglutination and immunodiffusion serology can be performed
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| − | *Grows on Blood agar and Sabouraud's Dextrose agar in one to three weeks
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| − | **At 37°C:
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| − | ***Colonies are smooth, cream to tan coloured and soft
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| − | ***No mycelium can be seen
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| − | **At 25°C to 27°C:
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| − | ***Colonies turn from white and soft to tan to brown to black
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| − | ***Leathery, wrinkled and coarse
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| − | ***Mycelium can be seen as branching septate hyphae
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| − | ***Conidiospores can also be seen
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| − | *Potassium iodide treatment orally
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| − | **[[Antifungal Drugs#Flucytosine|5-fluorocytosine]] and [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|amphotericin B]] can also be used
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| − | ==Further Links==
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| − | *Pathology of [[Mycotic skin infections - Pathology#Subcutaneous mycoses|subcutaneous mycoses]]
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| − | *[[Antifungal Drugs]]
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