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| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Subcutaneous Mycoses]] |
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| − | [[Chromoblastomycosis]]
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| − | [[Chromomycosis]]
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| − | [[Epizootic Lymphangitis]]
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| − | [[Eumycotic Mycetoma]]
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| − | ==Hyphomycosis==
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| − | *''Hyphomyces destruens''
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| − | *Opportunistic infection
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| − | **Associated with trauma
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| − | *Rare
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| − | *Caused by ''Penicillium, Beauveria, Acremonium, Fusarium, Paecilomyces''
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| − | *Infects both animals and humans
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| − | **Mainly affects horses
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| − | *Tropical and semi-tropical countries
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| − | *Progressive disease causing granulating and ulcerating lesions on the legs and lower body
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| − | **Lesions grow rapidly
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| − | **Cause extreme debility
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| − | *Occurs in water
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| − | **Most often seen in ponies with access to ponds
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| − | *Chemotactically attracted to horse hair
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| − | *Does not respond well to treatment
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| − | **Radical surgical excision the best method
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| − | **Experiemental vaccination treatment is currently underway and has shown promising results
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| − | ==Pythiosis==
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| − | *Causes Mycotic Swamp Fever
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| − | *Also called phycomycosis
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| − | *Occurs in the USA, Australia, New Guinea, India, Brazil, Colombia, Japan, Costa Rica and Indonesia
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| − | *''Pythium insidiosum''
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| − | *Enters via wounds
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| − | **[[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|Lips]], [[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology#The Head and Neck|head]], [[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology#The Head and Neck|neck]], fetlock, hock and [[Hoof - Anatomy & Physiology|hoof]]
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| − | *Granulomatous infection
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| − | **Necrosis and fistulous tracts
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| − | **Yellow lesions
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| − | *Branching, separated fungi
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| − | *Progressive (rather than systemic) disease
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| − | *Surgery is needed
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| − | ==Rhinosporidiosis==
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| − | *''Rhinosporidium seeberi''
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| − | *Lives in water
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| − | *Causes a chronic, benign disease
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| − | *Affects cattle, mules, horses, dogs and humans
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| − | *Causes polyps on the [[Nasal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal]] and [[Eye - Anatomy & Physiology|ocular]] mucous membranes
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| − | **Over 90% of cases affecting the [[Nasal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal]] mucous membranes affects male animals
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| − | *Occurs most frequently in tropical countries
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| − | **Also common in the USA
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| − | *Large sporangia can be seen on wet mounts
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| − | **Endospores visible
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| − | **Sporangia develop into small, globose spores
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| − | *Treatment is by surgical excision
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| − | ==Sporotrichosis==
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| − | [[Image:Sporotrichosis horse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Sporotrichosis in a horse -Copyright Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. Biol.F.I.Biol., FRCPath]] | |
| − | [[Image:Sporotrichosis cigar cells.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Sporotrichosis cigar shaped cells -Copyright Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. Biol.F.I.Biol., FRCPath]]
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| − | *''Sporothrix schenckii''
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| − | *Occurs in soil, wood and vegetation
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| − | **Saprophyte of both decaying and healthy vegetation
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| − | *Worldwide
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| − | *Exogenous infections through wounds
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| − | *Sporadic infections
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| − | *Non-contageous
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| − | *Causes subcutaneous nodules or granulomas
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| − | **Nodules ulcerate discharging pus
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| − | *Spread via the [[Lymphatic System - Anatomy & Physiology|lymphatics]]
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| − | *The [[Bones and Cartilage - Anatomy & Physiology|bones]] and viscera can be involved which terminates in mortality
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| − | **This is rare
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| − | **Reported in dogs and horses
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| − | *Affects dogs, horses, cats, monkeys, mules, camels, donkeys, cattle, fowl and rodents
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| − | **Most commonly seen in horses as an ascending lymphocutaneous infection of the legs
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| − | **Can be confused with [[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Epizootic Lymphangitis|epizootic lymphangitis]] in horses
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| − | *Single cell, cigar shaped
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| − | **Usually found within [[Neutrophils - WikiBlood|neutrophils]]
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| − | **Yeast cell clusters with peripheral eosinophilic rays can be seen in tissue sections
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| − | *Stained using PAS, Gram stain (positive), fluorescent antibody and Calcofluor White
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| − | *Latex agglutination and immunodiffusion serology can be performed
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| − | *Grows on Blood agar and Sabouraud's Dextrose agar in one to three weeks
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| − | **At 37°C:
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| − | ***Colonies are smooth, cream to tan coloured and soft
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| − | ***No mycelium can be seen
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| − | **At 25°C to 27°C:
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| − | ***Colonies turn from white and soft to tan to brown to black
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| − | ***Leathery, wrinkled and coarse
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| − | ***Mycelium can be seen as branching septate hyphae
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| − | ***Conidiospores can also be seen
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| − | *Potassium iodide treatment orally
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| − | **[[Antifungal Drugs#Flucytosine|5-fluorocytosine]] and [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|amphotericin B]] can also be used
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| − | ==Further Links==
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| − | *Pathology of [[Mycotic skin infections - Pathology#Subcutaneous mycoses|subcutaneous mycoses]]
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| − | *[[Antifungal Drugs]]
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