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==A guide to the superficial anatomical examination of the dog==

==A guide to the superficial anatomical examination of the dog==

'''Dorsal head'''

'''Dorsal head'''

* Palpate the external occipital protuberance and rostrally along the medial occipital crest medially between the muscle masses of m temporalis on each side.

* Palpate the external occipital protuberance and rostrally along the medial occipital crest medially between the muscle masses of m temporalis on each side.

* Locate the mastoid process of the petrous temporal bone near the external auditory meatus.  At this level, the zygomatic arch leads rostrally to the orbit.  The rim of the orbit is bony, expect caudally where it is completed by the orbital ligament.  This ligament, however feels hard and indistinguishable from bone.

* Locate the mastoid process of the petrous temporal bone near the external auditory meatus.  At this level, the zygomatic arch leads rostrally to the orbit.  The rim of the orbit is bony, except caudally where it is completed by the orbital ligament.  This ligament, however feels hard and indistinguishable from bone.

* Over the bony surface of the maxilla, palpate the infraorbital vessels and nerve, and caudally to where they emerge from the infraorbital foramen.   

* Over the bony surface of the maxilla, palpate the infraorbital vessels and nerve, and caudally to where they emerge from the infraorbital foramen.   

* The rim of the osseous nasal opening is formed by the incisive bone laterally and the nasal bone dorsally.  The nasal cartilages form the sides of the nasal vestibule.   

* The rim of the osseous nasal opening is formed by the incisive bone laterally and the nasal bone dorsally.  The nasal cartilages form the sides of the nasal vestibule.   

Goody PC 1997 Dog anatomy: a pictorial approach to canine structure  JA Allen London

Goody PC 1997 Dog anatomy: a pictorial approach to canine structure  JA Allen London

[[Category:Anatomy and Physiology]]

[[Category:Anatomy and Physiology]]

[[Category:Dog]]

[[Category:Dog]]