Changes

'''''Long Digital Extensor Tendon'''''  

'''''Long Digital Extensor Tendon'''''  

*'''Origin''': Long digital extensor muscle proximal and dorsolateral to the tarsus (hock)

*'''Origin''': Long digital extensor muscle proximal and dorsolateral to the tarsus (hock)

*'''Insertion''': Extensor process of distal phalanx

*'''Insertion''': Extensor process of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]]

*'''Action''': Extends the digit, flexes the tarsus

*'''Action''': Extends the digit, flexes the tarsus

The long digital extensor tendon extends distally on the dorsolateral aspect of the tarsus and metatarsus, surrounded by a synovial sheath from mid-tarsus to 3-4cm distal to the tarsus. The branches of the interosseous muscle (suspensory ligament) join this tendon before its insertion on the '''extensor process''' of the distal phalanx.  The long digital extensor tendon is joined by the lateral digital extensor tendon in the proximal metatarsal region.  

The long digital extensor tendon extends distally on the dorsolateral aspect of the tarsus and metatarsus, surrounded by a synovial sheath from mid-tarsus to 3-4cm distal to the tarsus. The branches of the interosseous muscle (suspensory ligament) join this tendon before its insertion on the '''extensor process''' of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]].  The long digital extensor tendon is joined by the lateral digital extensor tendon in the proximal metatarsal region.  

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'''''Lateral Digital Extensor Tendon'''''  

'''''Lateral Digital Extensor Tendon'''''  

*'''Origin''': Lateral digital extensor muscle proximal  and lateral to the tarsus (hock)

*'''Origin''': Lateral digital extensor muscle proximal  and lateral to the tarsus (hock)

*'''Insertion''': Dorsal proximal phalanx

*'''Insertion''': Dorsal [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]]

*'''Action''': Aids long digital extensor in digit extension and tarsal flexion

*'''Action''': Aids long digital extensor in digit extension and tarsal flexion

   

   

'''''Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon'''''  

'''''Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon'''''  

*'''Origin''': Proximal/mid-tibia

*'''Origin''': Proximal/mid-tibia

*'''Insertion''': Calcanean tuberosity and middle phalanx

*'''Insertion''': Calcanean tuberosity and [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]]

*'''Action''': Extends the digit, assists in extending the hock and flexing the stifle as part of the reciprocal apparatus

*'''Action''': Extends the digit, assists in extending the hock and flexing the stifle as part of the reciprocal apparatus

The superficial digital flexor tendon is a major component of the common calcaneal tendon, which forms part of the reciprocal apparatus. The SDFT arises from the superficial digital flexor muscle in the proximal/mid-tibial region and passes around the gastrocnemius tendon caudally. At the point of the hock, the SDFT widens to form a cap over the calcanean tuberosity. The '''calcanean bursa''' is a synovial fluid-filled space formed between the calcanean tuberosity and the SDFT. Distal to the calcaneus, the SDFT continues as arranged in the thoracic limb to its point of insertion on the middle phalanx.  

The superficial digital flexor tendon is a major component of the common calcaneal tendon, which forms part of the reciprocal apparatus. The SDFT arises from the superficial digital flexor muscle in the proximal/mid-tibial region and passes around the gastrocnemius tendon caudally. At the point of the hock, the SDFT widens to form a cap over the calcanean tuberosity. The '''calcanean bursa''' is a synovial fluid-filled space formed between the calcanean tuberosity and the SDFT. Distal to the calcaneus, the SDFT continues as arranged in the thoracic limb to its point of insertion on the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]].  

In contrast to the thoracic limb, there is no accessory ligament of the SDFT in the pelvic limb.  

In contrast to the thoracic limb, there is no accessory ligament of the SDFT in the pelvic limb.  

'''''Deep Digital Flexor Tendon (DDFT)'''''

'''''Deep Digital Flexor Tendon (DDFT)'''''

*'''Origin''': Deep digital flexor muscle, distal to the tarsus

*'''Origin''': Deep digital flexor muscle, distal to the tarsus

*'''Insertion''': Flexor cortex of distal phalanx  

*'''Insertion''': Flexor cortex of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]]

*'''Action''': Flexes the distal phalanx  

*'''Action''': Flexes the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]] 

The DDFT runs on the plantar aspect of the metatarsus distally, over the distal sesamoid bone ('''navicular bone'''). Its passage over the navicular bone is facilitated by the synovial fluid-filled '''navicular bursa''' before inserting on the flexor cortex of the distal phalanx.  

The DDFT runs on the plantar aspect of the metatarsus distally, over the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Sesamoid (Navicular) Bone|distal sesamoid]]  ('''navicular bone'''). Its passage over the navicular bone is facilitated by the synovial fluid-filled '''navicular bursa''' before inserting on the flexor cortex of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]].  

The accessory ('''check''') ligament connects the DDFT to the third metatarsal. This forms part of the '''stay apparatus''' by removing tension from the main body of the DDFT.  

The accessory ('''check''') ligament connects the DDFT to the third metatarsal. This forms part of the '''stay apparatus''' by removing tension from the main body of the DDFT.  

[[Image:Equine tendons pelvic limb LM.jpg|200px|thumb|right|'''Tendons of the pelvic limb, lateromedial view''']]

[[Image:Equine tendons pelvic limb LM.jpg|200px|thumb|right|'''Tendons of the pelvic limb, lateromedial view''']]

[[Image:Equine pelvic limb tendons ML.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Tendons of the pelvic limb, mediolateral view''']]

[[Image:Equine pelvic limb tendons ML.jpg|200px|thumb|center|'''Tendons of the pelvic limb, mediolateral view''']]

==References==

==References==