Changes

==Testicular Architecture==

==Testicular Architecture==

*'''Scrotum '''

*'''Scrotum '''

**Skin

**Skin - Contains many sweat glands, thermosensitive receptors and sympathetic nerves.

**Tunica Dartos - Smooth muscle layer found below the skin of the scrotum. Smooth muscle tone controlled by Androgens released in response to temperature changes detected by sensory nerves within the scrotal skin. The tunica dartos is responsible for holding the testes close to the body during cold temperatures as it can maintain sustained contraction.

**Tunica Dartos - Smooth muscle layer found below the skin of the scrotum. Smooth muscle tone controlled by Androgens released in response to temperature changes detected by sensory nerves within the scrotal skin. The tunica dartos is responsible for holding the testes close to the body during cold temperatures, as it can maintain sustained contraction, and letting the testes lower in hot weather, increasing the surface area for heat loss from the skin.

**Scrotal fascia

**Scrotal fascia

**Parietal Vaginal Tunic - Peritoneam layer

**Parietal Vaginal Tunic - The first peritoneam layer taken into the scrotum by the peritoneum fusion with the gubernaculum during testicular descent.

*'''Vaginal Cavity''' - A potential space

*'''Vaginal Cavity''' - A potential space

*'''Testicular Capsule'''

*'''Testicular Capsule'''

**Visceral Vaginal Tunic - peritoneum layer

**Visceral Vaginal Tunic - The second peritoneum layer within the scrotum. This layer is closely applied to the Tunica Albuginea.

**Tunica Albuginea

**Tunica Albuginea - A connective tissue layer containing some smooth muscle fibres. The Tunica Albuginea sends projections from the capsules into the testicular parenchyma that join up with the mediastinum of the testis forming lobules. Contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle fibres within the Tunica Albuginea in response to Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine results in a pumping action facilitating the flow of spermatozoa through the tubules of the testes.

*'''Testicular Parenchyma'''

*'''Testicular Parenchyma'''

**Interstitial Leydig cells - produce testosterone.

**Interstitial Leydig cells

**Cappilaries, Lymphatic vessels, connective tissue.

**Cappilaries, Lymphatic vessels, connective tissue

*'''Tubular Compartment'''

*'''Tubular Compartment'''

**Seminipherous cells

**Seminipherous cells - highly convoluted, connect to rete tubules

**Developing germ cells

**Developing germ cells

**peritubular cells

**peritubular cells