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[[Image:Pulmonary artery thrombus.jpg|right|thumb|225px|<small><center>'''Pulmonary artery thrombus'''. Courtesy of A. Jefferies</center></small>]]
[[Image:Pulmonary artery thrombus.jpg|right|thumb|225px|<small><center>'''Pulmonary artery thrombus'''. Courtesy of A. Jefferies</center></small>]]
[[Image:thrombosis dog nose 2.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>'''Nasal thrombosis (dog)'''. Courtesy of T. Scase</center></small>]]
==Introduction==
==Introduction==
[[Image:sarcoma embolus.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>'''Sarcoma embolus (dog)'''. Courtesy of T. Scase</center></small>]]
[[Image:sarcoma embolus.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>'''Sarcoma embolus (dog)'''. Courtesy of T. Scase</center></small>]]
===Diagnosis===
===Diagnosis===
[[Image:thrombosis dog nose.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>'''Nasal thrombosis (dog)'''. Courtesy of T. Scase</center></small>]]
====History & Clinical Signs====
====History & Clinical Signs====
*Signs depend on the area affected and the size of the blocked vessel.
*Signs depend on the area affected and the size of the blocked vessel.
===Dogs and Horse===
===Dogs and Horse===
Cardiac thrombosis is generally of degenerative/ non-infectious cause; endocarditis may occur, though uncommonly. There are important effects of cardiac thrombosis:
Cardiac thrombosis is generally of degenerative/ non-infectious cause; endocarditis may occur, though uncommonly. There are important effects of cardiac thrombosis:
# Distortion of valve cusps leads to mechanical effects which cause ineffective closure (incompetence), and distortion and enlargement of the valves by the thrombus mass causes narrowing of the valve outflow (stenosis). These effects lead to a progressive inefficiency of cardiac pumping and give rise to [[Venous Congestion and Hyperaemia - Pathology#Generalised (Systemic) Venous Congestion|general venous congestion]], [[Oedema - Pathology|oedema]] and circulatory failure.
# Distortion of valve cusps leads to mechanical effects which cause ineffective closure (incompetence), and distortion and enlargement of the valves by the thrombus mass causes narrowing of the valve outflow (stenosis). These effects lead to a progressive inefficiency of cardiac pumping and give rise to [[Venous Congestion and Hyperaemia - Pathology#Generalised (Systemic) Venous Congestion|general venous congestion]], [[Oedema - Pathology|oedema]] and circulatory failure.
# Emboli can be disseminated from the thrombus mass. If the lesion is on the left side of the heart, emboli are disseminated systemically and become trapped in the capilarry beds, e.g. of the kidney and spleen. The blockage leads to local ischaemic necrosis. If the lesion is on the right side of the heart, there is pulmonary dissemination.
# Emboli can be disseminated from the thrombus mass. If the lesion is on the left side of the heart, emboli are disseminated systemically and become trapped in the capilarry beds, e.g. of the kidney and spleen. The blockage leads to local ischaemic necrosis. If the lesion is on the right side of the heart, there is pulmonary dissemination.
====Atrial Thrombosis====
====Atrial Thrombosis====
These are uncommon, but are seen rarely in cats and dogs as a result of stasis in atrial appendages.
These are uncommon, but are seen rarely in cats and dogs as a result of stasis in atrial appendages.