Changes

 

{{Taxobox

{{Taxobox

|kingdom            =Protista

|kingdom            = Protista

|phylum            =[[:Category:Protozoa|Protozoa]]

|sub-phylum        =Sarcomastigophora

|phylum            = Protozoa

|sub-phylum        = Sarcomastigophora

|sub-class          =

|sub-class          =

|order              =

|order              =

|super-family      =

|super-family      =

|family            = Trichomonadidae

|family            =Trichomonadidae

|sub-family        =

|sub-family        =

|genus              = Tritrichomonas

|genus              =Tritrichomonas

|species            = foetus

|species            =''T. foetus'' and more

}}

}}

 

=='''Lifecycle and Transmission'''==

==Introduction==

===='''Cattle'''====

[[File:Trichomonas.JPG|thumb|200px|right|''Trichomonas'' sp. with giemsa staining. Note the anterior flagellae and undulating membrane (source - Wikimedia Commons)]]

Tritrichomonas foetus Venereal disease causing early embryonic Death and abortion in cattle

''Tritrichomonas foetus'' is a [[:Category:Protozoa|protozoal pathogen]] causing disease primarily in cattle and felids. It is identifiable by its pear-like shape, three anterior flagellae (recurrent flagellum) and an undulating membrane on one side.

The protozoa resides on the surface and in the lumen of the female reproductive tract and in the crypt of penile epithelial cells. Transmission is achieved from infected individuals during mating.

 

T foetus has no known cyst stage, although carrier cows occur very rarely and the pathogenesis of th carrier state is unknown. Therefore, trophozoites replicate simply by binary fission. It is thought that T foetus feeds from host lipids and fatty acids <ref>Beach DH, Holz GGJr, Singh BN, Lindmark DG, 1991. '''Phospholipid metabolism of cultured Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus'''.Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 44(1:97-108;19</ref>

==Lifecycle and Transmission==

===Cattle===

''Tritrichomonas foetus'' is a [[Trichomonosis - Cattle|venereal disease in cattle]] causing early embryonic death and abortion.

 

The protozoa resides on the surface and in the lumen of the female reproductive tract and in the crypt of penile epithelial cells. Transmission is achieved from infected individuals during mating and direct contact.

 

''T. foetus'' has no known cyst stage, although carrier cows occur very rarely and the pathogenesis of the carrier state is unknown. Therefore, trophozoites replicate simply by binary fission. It is thought that ''T. foetus'' feeds from host lipids and fatty acids <ref>Beach DH, Holz GGJr, Singh BN, Lindmark DG, 1991. '''Phospholipid metabolism of cultured ''Trichomonas vaginalis'' and ''Tritrichomonas foetus'''''. ''Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology'', 44(1:97-108;19)</ref>

 

===Cats===

===='''Cats'''====

''Tritrichomonas foetus'' is transmitted via the faecal: oral route in cats. Behaviours such as grooming may aid transmission by direct contact. The venereal route is unproven in cats.

Tritrichomonas foetus  

=='''Disease'''==

Tritrichomoniasis is notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)

Proteinases secreted by T foetus degrades substrates such as fibrinogen, albumin and immunoglobulins, thus altering the biological environment and resulting in embryonic death.

Pyometra is occasionally observed in females but males show no clinical signs.

'''''Other species'''''

[Trichomonas gallinae] - Fatal disease in birds causing necrotic yellow lesions in upper Gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the [[Crop - Anatomy and Physiology|crop]].

Proteinases secreted by ''T. foetus'' degrade substrates such as fibrinogen, albumin and immunoglobulins, thus altering the biological environment and resulting in embryonic death. Pyometra is occasionally observed in females but males show no clinical signs. For more information see [[Trichomonosis - Cattle]].

 

Others such as [Trichomonas suis] and [] reside as commensals, usually in the gastrointestinal tract of other species such as pigs and guinea pigs respectively.

''T. foetus'' mainly causes [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] by colonisation of the large intestine. Recovery is slow but longterm prognosis is good. Reports of resistance and success are available for most anthelmintic and antibiotic therapies.

 

Many other trichomonads reside as commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of other species. Two of the most well studied trichomonads are ''[[Trichomonas gallinae]]'', which occurs in birds, and ''Trichomonas vaginalis'', which is a common sexually transmitted infection of humans.

 

 

<big>Relevant Links: '''[[Trichomonosis - Cattle]]''' </big>

 

 

|flashcards = [[Protozoa_Flashcards#Other_Important_Protozoa|Protozoa Flashcards]]<br>[[Tritrichomonas foetus Flashcards]]

 

 

 

Feline Advisory Bureau, '''Tritrichomonas infection in cats''', accessed 02/06/2011 @ http://www.fabcats.org/breeders/infosheets/tritrichomonas/

 

Wright, I.(2010) '''Tritrichomonas foetus: Jumping the Species Barrier''', ''UK Vet'', Vol 15, 1-3.

 

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=60673&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Tritrichomonas foetus'']

[[Category:Miscellaneous_Protozoa]]

[[Category:Miscellaneous_Protozoa]]

[[Category:To_Do_- Steph]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]

[[Category:Nick Lyons reviewed]]