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{{review}}
{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
|kingdom =Protista
|kingdom =Protista
|phylum =Protozoa
|phylum =[[:Category:Protozoa|Protozoa]]
|sub-phylum =Sarcomastigophora
|sub-phylum =Sarcomastigophora
|sub-class =
|sub-class =
|species =''T. foetus'' and more
|species =''T. foetus'' and more
}}
}}
Also known as: '''''Trichomonas foetus — Trichomonas fetus'''''
==Introduction==
[[File:Trichomonas.JPG|thumb|200px|right|''Trichomonas'' sp. with giemsa staining. Note the anterior flagellae and undulating membrane (source - Wikimedia Commons)]]
''Tritrichomonas foetus'' is a [[:Category:Protozoa|protozoal pathogen]] causing disease primarily in cattle and felids. It is identifiable by its pear-like shape, three anterior flagellae (recurrent flagellum) and an undulating membrane on one side.
==Lifecycle and Transmission==
===Cattle===
''Tritrichomonas foetus'' is a [[Trichomonosis - Cattle|venereal disease in cattle]] causing early embryonic death and abortion.
The protozoa resides on the surface and in the lumen of the female reproductive tract and in the crypt of penile epithelial cells. Transmission is achieved from infected individuals during mating and direct contact.
''T. foetus'' has no known cyst stage, although carrier cows occur very rarely and the pathogenesis of the carrier state is unknown. Therefore, trophozoites replicate simply by binary fission. It is thought that ''T. foetus'' feeds from host lipids and fatty acids <ref>Beach DH, Holz GGJr, Singh BN, Lindmark DG, 1991. '''Phospholipid metabolism of cultured ''Trichomonas vaginalis'' and ''Tritrichomonas foetus'''''. ''Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology'', 44(1:97-108;19)</ref>
''T. foetus'' is sometimes isolated from foetal gut and lung but this is unlikely to be due to invasion and more likely due to swallowing or inhalation of amniotic fluid in utero.
'''''Also Known As''''' — Trichomoniasis — Trichomonosis — Tritrichomoniasis
===Cats===
''Tritrichomonas foetus'' is transmitted via the faecal: oral route in cats. Behaviours such as grooming may aid transmission by direct contact. The venereal route is unproven in cats.
==Pathogenesis==
=='''Introduction'''==
=='''Lifecycle and Transmission'''==
===Cattle===
===='''Cattle'''====
Proteinases secreted by ''T. foetus'' degrade substrates such as fibrinogen, albumin and immunoglobulins, thus altering the biological environment and resulting in embryonic death. Pyometra is occasionally observed in females but males show no clinical signs. For more information see [[Trichomonosis - Cattle]].
===Cats===
''T. foetus'' mainly causes [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] by colonisation of the large intestine. Recovery is slow but longterm prognosis is good. Reports of resistance and success are available for most anthelmintic and antibiotic therapies.
==Other trichomonad spp.==
Many other trichomonads reside as commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of other species. Two of the most well studied trichomonads are ''[[Trichomonas gallinae]]'', which occurs in birds, and ''Trichomonas vaginalis'', which is a common sexually transmitted infection of humans.
<big>Relevant Links: '''[[Trichomonosis - Cattle]]''' </big>
{{Learning
[[Trichomonas gallinae]] - Fatal disease in birds causing necrotic yellow lesions in upper Gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the [[Crop - Anatomy and Physiology|crop]].
|flashcards = [[Protozoa_Flashcards#Other_Important_Protozoa|Protozoa Flashcards]]<br>[[Tritrichomonas foetus Flashcards]]
}}
=References=
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
Feline Advisory Bureau, '''Tritrichomonas infection in cats''', accessed 02/06/2011 @ http://www.fabcats.org/breeders/infosheets/tritrichomonas/
Wright, I.(2010) '''Tritrichomonas foetus: Jumping the Species Barrier''', ''UK Vet'', Vol 15, 1-3.
{{CABI source
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=60673&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Tritrichomonas foetus'']
|date = 2 June 2011
}}
<br><br><br>
{{Nick Lyons
|date = 16 October 2011}}
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[[Category:Miscellaneous_Protozoa]]
[[Category:Miscellaneous_Protozoa]]
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