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{{Taxobox

{{Taxobox

|kingdom            =Protista

|kingdom            =Protista

|species            =''T. foetus'' and more

|species            =''T. foetus'' and more

}}

}}

Also known as: '''''Trichomonas foetus —— Trichomonas fetus'''''

Also known as: '''''Trichomonas foetus — Trichomonas fetus'''''

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

==Lifecycle and Transmission==

==Lifecycle and Transmission==

===Cattle===

===Cattle===

Tritrichomonas foetus is a [[Trichomonosis - Cattle|venereal disease in cattle]] causing early embryonic death and abortion.

''Tritrichomonas foetus'' is a [[Trichomonosis - Cattle|venereal disease in cattle]] causing early embryonic death and abortion.

The protozoa resides on the surface and in the lumen of the female reproductive tract and in the crypt of penile epithelial cells. Transmission is achieved from infected individuals during mating and direct contact.

The protozoa resides on the surface and in the lumen of the female reproductive tract and in the crypt of penile epithelial cells. Transmission is achieved from infected individuals during mating and direct contact.

''T. foetus'' has no known cyst stage, although carrier cows occur very rarely and the pathogenesis of th carrier state is unknown. Therefore, trophozoites replicate simply by binary fission. It is thought that ''T. foetus'' feeds from host lipids and fatty acids <ref>Beach DH, Holz GGJr, Singh BN, Lindmark DG, 1991. '''Phospholipid metabolism of cultured ''Trichomonas vaginalis'' and Tritrichomonas foetus'''. ''Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology'', 44(1:97-108;19)</ref>

''T. foetus'' has no known cyst stage, although carrier cows occur very rarely and the pathogenesis of the carrier state is unknown. Therefore, trophozoites replicate simply by binary fission. It is thought that ''T. foetus'' feeds from host lipids and fatty acids <ref>Beach DH, Holz GGJr, Singh BN, Lindmark DG, 1991. '''Phospholipid metabolism of cultured ''Trichomonas vaginalis'' and ''Tritrichomonas foetus'''''. ''Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology'', 44(1:97-108;19)</ref>

''T. foetus'' is sometimes isolated from foetal gut and lung but this is unlikely to be due to invasion and more likely due to swallowing or inhalation of amniotic fluid in utero.

''T. foetus'' is sometimes isolated from foetal gut and lung but this is unlikely to be due to invasion and more likely due to swallowing or inhalation of amniotic fluid in utero.

===Cattle===

===Cattle===

Proteinases secreted by ''T. foetus'' degrade substrates such as fibrinogen, albumin and immunoglobulins, thus altering the biological environment and resulting in embryonic death. Pyometra is occasionally observed in females but males show no clinical signs. For more information see [[Trichomonosis - Cattle]]

Proteinases secreted by ''T. foetus'' degrade substrates such as fibrinogen, albumin and immunoglobulins, thus altering the biological environment and resulting in embryonic death. Pyometra is occasionally observed in females but males show no clinical signs. For more information see [[Trichomonosis - Cattle]].

===Cats===

===Cats===

''T. foetus'' mainly causes [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] by colonisation of the large intestine. Recovery is slow but longterm prognosis is good. Reports of resistance and success are available for most anthelmintic and antibiotic therapies.

''T. foetus'' mainly causes [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] by colonisation of the large intestine. Recovery is slow but longterm prognosis is good. Reports of resistance and success are available for most anthelmintic and antibiotic therapies.

==Other ''Tritrichomonas'' spp.==

==Other trichomonad spp.==

Others such as ''Trichomonas suis'' and ''Trichomonas vaginalis'' reside as commensals, usually in the gastrointestinal tract of other species such as pigs and guinea pigs respectively. ''[[Trichomonas gallinae]]'' occurs in birds.

Many other trichomonads reside as commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of other species. Two of the most well studied trichomonads are ''[[Trichomonas gallinae]]'', which occurs in birds, and ''Trichomonas vaginalis'', which is a common sexually transmitted infection of humans.

<big>Relevant Links: '''[[Trichomonosis - Cattle]]''' </big>

<big>Relevant Links: '''[[Trichomonosis - Cattle]]''' </big>

==References==  

==References==  

<references/>

<references/>

Feline Advisory Bureau, '''Tritrichomonas infection in cats''', accessed 02/06/2011 @ http://www.fabcats.org/breeders/infosheets/tritrichomonas/

Feline Advisory Bureau, '''Tritrichomonas infection in cats''', accessed 02/06/2011 @ http://www.fabcats.org/breeders/infosheets/tritrichomonas/

Wright, I.(2010) '''Tritrichomonas foetus: Jumping the Species Barrier''', ''UK Vet'', Vol 15, 1-3.

Wright, I.(2010) '''Tritrichomonas foetus: Jumping the Species Barrier''', ''UK Vet'', Vol 15, 1-3.

==Test yourself with the Protozoa Flashcards==

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=60673&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Tritrichomonas foetus'']

[[Protozoa_Flashcards#Other_Important_Protozoa|Protozoa Flashcards]]

|date = 16 October 2011}}

[[Category:Miscellaneous_Protozoa]]

[[Category:Miscellaneous_Protozoa]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]

[[Category:Nick Lyons reviewed]]