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<!--Background Section-->

<!--Background Section-->

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{{infotable

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[[Introduction to Fluid Movement - Physiology |Introduction to Fluid Movement]]

[[Fluid Movement - Physiology |Introduction to Fluid Movement]]

|subheading2width =33.3

|subheading2width =33.3

|subheading3colour =E0FFFF

|subheading3colour =E0FFFF

|subheading3 =<Center>[[Transport Across Membranes - Physiology| Transport Across Membranes]]</center>

|subheading3 =<Center>[[Transport Across Membranes - Physiology| Transport Across Membranes]]</center>

|subheading3width =33.3

|subheading3width =33.3

|subheading3text = <center>[[Introduction to the Phospholipid Bilayer - Anatomy & Physiology|Phospholipid Bilayer]], [[Diffusion - Physiology| Diffusion]], [[Transport Proteins - Physiology| Transport Proteins/Facilitated Diffusion]],</center><center> [[Osmosis and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology| Osmosis]], [[Active Transport - Physiology| Active Transport]]</center>

|subheading3text = <center>[[Phospholipid Bilayer - Anatomy & Physiology|Phospholipid Bilayer]], [[Diffusion - Physiology| Diffusion]], [[Transport Proteins - Physiology| Transport Proteins/Facilitated Diffusion]],</center><center> [[Osmosis and Filtration - Anatomy & Physiology| Osmosis]], [[Active Transport - Physiology| Active Transport]]</center>

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<!--Kidney - Anatomy & Physiology-->

<!--Kidney - Anatomy & Physiology-->

<P ALIGN="left">The kidneys receive 25% of the '''cardiac output'''.  From this they filter 20% of the plasma forming a filtrate of which all but 1% is reabsorbed.  This equates to all the circulatory volume being filtered and reabsorbed every 30 minutes. The functions of the kidneys are to maintain the volume and composition of plasma, regulate water, ion and pH levels, retain nutrients and excrete waste, toxins and excess electrolytes. The kidneys achieve these functions via; glomerular filtration, solute reabsorption, tubular secretion, water balance and acid-base regulation.</P>

<P ALIGN="left">The kidneys receive 25% of the '''cardiac output'''.  From this they filter 20% of the plasma forming a filtrate of which all but 1% is reabsorbed.  This equates to all the circulatory volume being filtered and reabsorbed every 30 minutes. The functions of the kidneys are to maintain the volume and composition of plasma, regulate water, ion and pH levels, retain nutrients and excrete waste, toxins and excess electrolytes. The kidneys achieve these functions via; glomerular filtration, solute reabsorption, tubular secretion, water balance and acid-base regulation.</P>

|subheading1colour = 66ff33

|subheading1colour = 66ff33

|subheading1 = [[Macroscopic Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology|Macroscopic Renal Anatomy]]

|subheading1 = [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology|Macroscopic Renal Anatomy]]

|subheading1width =25

|subheading1width =25

|subheading1text = <center>[[Macroscopic Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|Common Anatomy]], [[Macroscopic Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Anatomical Species Differences|Anatomical Species Differences]], [[Macroscopic Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Anatomical Landmarks|Anatomical Landmarks]]</center>  

|subheading1text = <center>[[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|Common Anatomy]], [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Anatomical Species Differences|Anatomical Species Differences]], [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Anatomical Landmarks|Anatomical Landmarks]]</center>  

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|subheading2 = [[The Nephron (Table) - Anatomy & Physiology|The Nephron]]

|subheading2 = [[Nephron - Anatomy & Physiology|The Nephron]]

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|subheading2text = <center></center>

|subheading2text = <center></center>

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|subheading3 = [[Kidney - Blood Pressure - Physiology|Blood Pressure]]

|subheading3 = [[Kidney Control of Blood Pressure - Anatomy & Physiology|Blood Pressure]]

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|subheading3text = <center></Center>

|subheading3text = <center></Center>

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|subheading4 = [[The Endocrine Function of the Kidney - Anatomy & Physiology|The Endocrine Function of the Kidney]]

|subheading4 = [[Kidney Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|The Endocrine Function of the Kidney]]

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|subheading4text = <center></Center>

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|subheading4 = [[Process of Micturition - Anatomy & Physiology|Process of Micturition]]

|subheading4 = [[Micturition - Anatomy & Physiology|Process of Micturition]]

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|Body =  

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|subheading1 = [[Normal Composition of Urine - Anatomy & Physiology|Normal Composition of Urine]]

|subheading1 = [[Urine Normal Composition|Normal Composition of Urine]]

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|subheading2 = [[Developmental Anatomy of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract - Anatomy & Physiology| Developmental Anatomy]]

|subheading2 = [[Kidney and Urinary Tract Development - Anatomy & Physiology| Developmental Anatomy]]

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|subheading2width =25

|subheading2text =  

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|subheading3colour = ffff99

|subheading3colour = ffff99

|subheading3 = [[Urinary Anatomy and Physiology of Exotics - Anatomy & Physiology| Exotics Anatomy & Physiology]]

|subheading3 = [[Exotic Urinary System - Anatomy & Physiology| Exotics Anatomy & Physiology]]

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<!--References Section-->

<!--References Section-->

 

|Maintitle = [[Acknowledgements Urinary Anatomy & Physiology|Acknowledgements and References]]

 

 

[[Category:Urinary System - Anatomy & Physiology]]